藏族的体质类型和人种学特征

doi:10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2022.0020

人类学学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (04): 698-711.doi: 10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2022.0020cstr: 32091.14.j.1000-3193/AAS.2022.0020

藏族的体质类型和人种学特征

李咏兰¹^,³^,⁴(), 宇克莉², 张兴华², 包金萍⁵, 李翀², 郑连斌²()

1.内蒙古师范大学生命科学与技术学院,呼和浩特 010022
2.天津师范大学生命科学学院, 天津市动物多样性保护与利用重点实验室,天津 300387
3.内蒙古师范大学民族学人类学学院,呼和浩特 010022
4.内蒙古自治区高等学校生物多样性保护与可持续利用重点实验室,呼和浩特 010022
5.天津师范大学体育学院, 天津 300387

收稿日期:2021-11-01 修回日期:2021-12-29 出版日期:2022-08-12 发布日期:2022-08-10
通讯作者: 郑连斌
作者简介:李咏兰,教授,主要从事体质人类学研究。E-mail: liyonglan2005@126.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划战略性科技创新合作项目(2020YFE0201600);国家自然科学基金重点项目(30830062);国家自然科学基金资助项目(31271283);国家自然科学基金资助项目(31460270);国家自然科学基金资助项目(31671245);国家自然科学基金资助项目(31771329);国家自然科学基金资助项目(32071183);科技部基础工作专项(2015FY111700)

Physical types and ethnological characteristics of Tibetans

LI Yonglan¹^,³^,⁴(), YU Keli², ZHANG Xinghua², BAO Jinping⁵, LI Chong², ZHENG Lianbin²()

1. College of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022
2. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387
3. College of Ethnology and Anthropology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022
4. Key Laboratory of Biodiversity conservation and Sustainable utilization for College and University of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010022
5. College of physical education, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387

Received:2021-11-01 Revised:2021-12-29 Online:2022-08-12 Published:2022-08-10
Contact: ZHENG Lianbin

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

藏族的体质类型和人种学特征一直受到学术界的关注。2018-2021年,我们测量了1530例卫藏、康巴和安多三个藏族人群的体质数据,统计结果发现,藏族男性、女性均为超中等身材,体质量超重,均为圆头型、高头型、中头型、中鼻型、中躯干型、宽胸型、宽肩型、宽骨盆型、中腿型,多有上眼睑皱褶,有内眦褶。对中国15个族群测量指标均数的主成分分析显示,藏族与东亚类型的汉族位点距离近于多数北亚类型族群,更近于多数南亚类型族群。藏族数据与国外资料中的东亚、南亚、北亚、北极类型数据的主成分分析结果显示,藏族与东亚类型位点最为接近。研究证实,当代藏族具有东亚蒙古人种类型的体质特征。

关键词: 藏族, 体质, 人种学, 蒙古

Abstract:

The physique types and ethnological characteristics of Tibetans have always been concerned by academia. According to the statistics of 1530 cases of Weizang Tibetan, Kham Tibetan and Amdo Tibetan measured in 2018, 2019 and 2021, it was found that Tibetan men and women were all super-medium stature, overweight, and all brachycephaly, hypsicephalic, metriocephalic, mesorrhiny, middle trunk, wide chest, wide shoulders, wide pelvis, mesatiskelic, most of them have eyefold of upper eyelid and mongoloid fold. Analysis of the average principal component of 15 Chinese ethnic measurement indicators shows that the location between Tibetans and Han ethnic group of the East Asian is closer than most of North Asian ethnic groups, and the location of Tibetans is closer to most South Asian ethnic groups. The main component analysis chart of East Asian, South Asian, North Asian and Arctic type data in Tibetan data and foreign data shows that Tibetans are the closest to East Asian-type. Research has confirmed that contemporary Tibetans have the characteristics of Mongolian East Asian-type constitution.

Key words: Tibetan, physique, enthnology, Mogolian

中图分类号:

Q984

李咏兰, 宇克莉, 张兴华, 包金萍, 李翀, 郑连斌. 藏族的体质类型和人种学特征[J]. 人类学学报, 2022, 41(04): 698-711.

LI Yonglan, YU Keli, ZHANG Xinghua, BAO Jinping, LI Chong, ZHENG Lianbin. Physical types and ethnological characteristics of Tibetans[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2022, 41(04): 698-711.

图/表 8

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测量指标Index	男性Male					女性Female					u
测量指标Index	卫藏Weizang	康巴Kham	安多Amdo	合计Total	F	卫藏Weizang	康巴Kham	安多Amdo	合计Total	F	u
头长L_head	198.9±6.5	195.9±6.9	188.5±6.8	194.7±8.1^abc	152.910^**	188.9±6.4	186.5±6.2	176.8±6.4	184.7±8.1^abc	213.943^**	24.14^**
头宽B_head	160.3±5.9	156.9±5.2	155.3±6.2	157.7±6.2^abc	46.956^**	154.5±5.5	150.5±4.9	147.9±5.5	151.3±5.9^abc	87.227^**	20.66^**
面宽B_face	152.1±5.8	149.9±4.8	146.8±5.5	149.8±5.9^abc	58.772^**	144.0±5.1	141.9±5.0	138.5±5.3	141.7±5.6^abc	61.071^**	27.51^**
下颌角间宽B_big	118.3±5.4	115.2±5.2	115.9±6.8	116.7±6.0^ac	18.052^**	112.1±5.6	109.9±5.6	108.0±5.2	110.2±5.7^abc	30.253^**	21.7^**
眼内角间宽B_inter	33.9±2.8	36.1±3.0	34.5±2.9	34.6±3.0^abc	33.669^**	32.9±2.6	34.4±3.8	33.3±2.7	33.6±3.1^bc	15.045^**	6.41^**
鼻宽B_nose	38.1±2.9	38.7±3.5	38.7±3.2	38.4±3.2^ac	3.289^*	34.1±2.6	35.4±2.8	34.6±2.7	34.7±2.7^bc	14.816^**	24.38^**
口宽B_mou	50.4±4.0	50.0±4.2	51.7±3.8	50.7±4.0^ab	11.125^**	47.8±3.3	47.7±3.7	47.7±3.4	47.7±3.5	0.144	15.58^**
容貌面高H_phy-fac	195.7±9.8	192.6±7.7	199.9±9.3	196.4±9.6^abc	30.017^**	183.1±8.8	183.1±8.1	187.6±8.4	184.3±8.7^ab	19.368^**	25.79^**
形态面高H_mor-fac	123.7±7.5	125.2±6.2	126.5±6.3	125.0±6.9^abc	11.023^**	114.2±6.1	117.3±5.9	118.2±6.5	116.4±6.4^ac	26.698^**	25.24^**
鼻高H_nas	48.9±3.4	53.5±3.5	56.5±3.9	52.6±4.9^abc	288.698^**	44.3±4.0	49.8±3.3	50.9±3.7	48.1±4.7^abc	217.899^**	18.32^**
鼻长L_nas	45.3±3.6	49.6±4.0	49.3±3.9	47.7±4.3^ac	102.036^**	39.4±3.6	45.7±3.2	44.4±3.8	43.0±4.5^abc	223.791^**	20.89^**
上唇皮肤部高H_up-Lip	16.4±2.9	16.9±3.3	15.4±3.6	16.2±3.3^ab	10.973^**	14.9±2.5	15.7±2.9	15.7±3.1	15.4±2.8^ac	6.950^**	5.10^**
唇高H_lip	13.6±3.8	14.4±3.6	16.7±4.1	14.8±4.0^abc	39.773^**	13.1±3.5	14.4±3.3	15.5±3.7	14.2±3.6^abc	26.847^**	3.08^**
红唇厚度L_thi	6.0±1.9	6.5±2.0	8.1±2.0	6.8±2.2^abc	70.219^**	5.9±1.7	6.7±1.9	7.5±1.9	6.6±2.0^abc	43.980^**	1.86
耳上头高H_aur	127.7±10.2	128.9±10.8	125.7±4.4	127.3±9.0^ab	23.750^**	125.4±10.3	119.9±10.4	124.5±5.2	123.2±9.6^bc	33.750^**	8.62^**
体质量m	73.7±12.4	70.8±11.8	75.3±13.3	73.4±12.6^bc	7.820^**	63.9±12.0	60.7±9.9	62.6±9.6	62.9±10.6^bc	2.255	17.59^**
身高S	1667.8±64.5	1683.3±61.6	1682.4±56.6	1675.7±61.9^ac	3.945^**	1556.6±60.5	1564.3±59.5	1559.9±58.8	1560.6±59.1	1.505	37.16^**
坐高H_sit	878.1±39.0	884.1±37.9	899.3±36.8	887.1±39.3^ab	18.809^**	828.3±37.1	827.9±38.1	845.9±38.6	834.4±37.9^ab	13.139^**	26.68^**
肩宽B_sho	383.4±18.3	379.7±17.1	400.6±21.5	388.3±21.2^abc	70.867^**	350.1±16.1	347.6±15.9	362.2±16.7	352.6±17.3^ab	48.142^**	35.98^**
骨盆宽B_cre-ili	306.4±15.2	285.2±18.2	304.2±21.2	300.5±20.2^bc	74.088^**	304.5±17.3	285.9±17.3	299.8±19.4	296.6±19.6^abc	70.404^**	3.83^**
上肢全长L_up-ex	740.0±37.3	741.9±33.4	748.3±38.5	743.7±36.8^a	2.823	684.4±37.3	685.4±35	691.9±35.6	686.6±35.8^a	2.823	30.74^**
下肢全长L_low-ex	871.8±39.8	907.9±38.5	879.9±40.3	884.1±42.4^ab	13.450^**	843.9±35.9	855.9±37.2	841.9±33.6	848.3±36.6^bc	13.248^**	17.64^**
胸围C_che	964.6±77.9	966.5±73.5	944.2±73.7	957.9±75.7^ab	5.616^**	914.0±88.7	911.7±71.8	887.1±68.6	910.4±78.9^ab	12.496^**	12.02^**
腰围C_wai	897.4±101.3	896.1±87.7	909.4±102.2	901.3±98.8	1.147	833.8±102.7	805.6±93.8	822.0±92.4	825.5±97.4^c	1.737	15.10^**
臀围C_hip	988.6±63.5	980.5±60.5	981±72.6	983.7±65.8	1.505	990.8±89.6	961.3±72.1	950.3±59.5	972.8±78.3^ac	15.711^**	2.95^**
全臂长L_arm	557.6±31.0	557.3±29.3	562.1±32.6	559.6±31.2	7.585^**	512.2±30.5	506.5±31.6	518.3±30.7	511.9±31.0^abc	7.585^**	29.98^**
全腿长L_leg	810.5±40.5	839.6±38.3	829.0±41.5	824.5±42.1^abc	0.903	784.1±36.3	787.1±38.0	786.7±34.9	786.4±36.7	0.903	18.83^**

测量指标Index	男性Male					女性Female					u
测量指标Index	卫藏Weizang	康巴Kham	安多Amdo	合计Total	F	卫藏Weizang	康巴Kham	安多Amdo	合计Total	F	u
头长L_head	198.9±6.5	195.9±6.9	188.5±6.8	194.7±8.1^abc	152.910^**	188.9±6.4	186.5±6.2	176.8±6.4	184.7±8.1^abc	213.943^**	24.14^**
头宽B_head	160.3±5.9	156.9±5.2	155.3±6.2	157.7±6.2^abc	46.956^**	154.5±5.5	150.5±4.9	147.9±5.5	151.3±5.9^abc	87.227^**	20.66^**
面宽B_face	152.1±5.8	149.9±4.8	146.8±5.5	149.8±5.9^abc	58.772^**	144.0±5.1	141.9±5.0	138.5±5.3	141.7±5.6^abc	61.071^**	27.51^**
下颌角间宽B_big	118.3±5.4	115.2±5.2	115.9±6.8	116.7±6.0^ac	18.052^**	112.1±5.6	109.9±5.6	108.0±5.2	110.2±5.7^abc	30.253^**	21.7^**
眼内角间宽B_inter	33.9±2.8	36.1±3.0	34.5±2.9	34.6±3.0^abc	33.669^**	32.9±2.6	34.4±3.8	33.3±2.7	33.6±3.1^bc	15.045^**	6.41^**
鼻宽B_nose	38.1±2.9	38.7±3.5	38.7±3.2	38.4±3.2^ac	3.289^*	34.1±2.6	35.4±2.8	34.6±2.7	34.7±2.7^bc	14.816^**	24.38^**
口宽B_mou	50.4±4.0	50.0±4.2	51.7±3.8	50.7±4.0^ab	11.125^**	47.8±3.3	47.7±3.7	47.7±3.4	47.7±3.5	0.144	15.58^**
容貌面高H_phy-fac	195.7±9.8	192.6±7.7	199.9±9.3	196.4±9.6^abc	30.017^**	183.1±8.8	183.1±8.1	187.6±8.4	184.3±8.7^ab	19.368^**	25.79^**
形态面高H_mor-fac	123.7±7.5	125.2±6.2	126.5±6.3	125.0±6.9^abc	11.023^**	114.2±6.1	117.3±5.9	118.2±6.5	116.4±6.4^ac	26.698^**	25.24^**
鼻高H_nas	48.9±3.4	53.5±3.5	56.5±3.9	52.6±4.9^abc	288.698^**	44.3±4.0	49.8±3.3	50.9±3.7	48.1±4.7^abc	217.899^**	18.32^**
鼻长L_nas	45.3±3.6	49.6±4.0	49.3±3.9	47.7±4.3^ac	102.036^**	39.4±3.6	45.7±3.2	44.4±3.8	43.0±4.5^abc	223.791^**	20.89^**
上唇皮肤部高H_up-Lip	16.4±2.9	16.9±3.3	15.4±3.6	16.2±3.3^ab	10.973^**	14.9±2.5	15.7±2.9	15.7±3.1	15.4±2.8^ac	6.950^**	5.10^**
唇高H_lip	13.6±3.8	14.4±3.6	16.7±4.1	14.8±4.0^abc	39.773^**	13.1±3.5	14.4±3.3	15.5±3.7	14.2±3.6^abc	26.847^**	3.08^**
红唇厚度L_thi	6.0±1.9	6.5±2.0	8.1±2.0	6.8±2.2^abc	70.219^**	5.9±1.7	6.7±1.9	7.5±1.9	6.6±2.0^abc	43.980^**	1.86
耳上头高H_aur	127.7±10.2	128.9±10.8	125.7±4.4	127.3±9.0^ab	23.750^**	125.4±10.3	119.9±10.4	124.5±5.2	123.2±9.6^bc	33.750^**	8.62^**
体质量m	73.7±12.4	70.8±11.8	75.3±13.3	73.4±12.6^bc	7.820^**	63.9±12.0	60.7±9.9	62.6±9.6	62.9±10.6^bc	2.255	17.59^**
身高S	1667.8±64.5	1683.3±61.6	1682.4±56.6	1675.7±61.9^ac	3.945^**	1556.6±60.5	1564.3±59.5	1559.9±58.8	1560.6±59.1	1.505	37.16^**
坐高H_sit	878.1±39.0	884.1±37.9	899.3±36.8	887.1±39.3^ab	18.809^**	828.3±37.1	827.9±38.1	845.9±38.6	834.4±37.9^ab	13.139^**	26.68^**
肩宽B_sho	383.4±18.3	379.7±17.1	400.6±21.5	388.3±21.2^abc	70.867^**	350.1±16.1	347.6±15.9	362.2±16.7	352.6±17.3^ab	48.142^**	35.98^**
骨盆宽B_cre-ili	306.4±15.2	285.2±18.2	304.2±21.2	300.5±20.2^bc	74.088^**	304.5±17.3	285.9±17.3	299.8±19.4	296.6±19.6^abc	70.404^**	3.83^**
上肢全长L_up-ex	740.0±37.3	741.9±33.4	748.3±38.5	743.7±36.8^a	2.823	684.4±37.3	685.4±35	691.9±35.6	686.6±35.8^a	2.823	30.74^**
下肢全长L_low-ex	871.8±39.8	907.9±38.5	879.9±40.3	884.1±42.4^ab	13.450^**	843.9±35.9	855.9±37.2	841.9±33.6	848.3±36.6^bc	13.248^**	17.64^**
胸围C_che	964.6±77.9	966.5±73.5	944.2±73.7	957.9±75.7^ab	5.616^**	914.0±88.7	911.7±71.8	887.1±68.6	910.4±78.9^ab	12.496^**	12.02^**
腰围C_wai	897.4±101.3	896.1±87.7	909.4±102.2	901.3±98.8	1.147	833.8±102.7	805.6±93.8	822.0±92.4	825.5±97.4^c	1.737	15.10^**
臀围C_hip	988.6±63.5	980.5±60.5	981±72.6	983.7±65.8	1.505	990.8±89.6	961.3±72.1	950.3±59.5	972.8±78.3^ac	15.711^**	2.95^**
全臂长L_arm	557.6±31.0	557.3±29.3	562.1±32.6	559.6±31.2	7.585^**	512.2±30.5	506.5±31.6	518.3±30.7	511.9±31.0^abc	7.585^**	29.98^**
全腿长L_leg	810.5±40.5	839.6±38.3	829.0±41.5	824.5±42.1^abc	0.903	784.1±36.3	787.1±38.0	786.7±34.9	786.4±36.7	0.903	18.83^**

指数Index	男性Male					女性Female					u
指数Index	卫藏Weizang	康巴Kham	安多Amdo	合计Total	F	卫藏Weizang	康巴Kham	安多Amdo	合计Total	F	u
头长宽 I_len-bre-h	80.6±3.6	80.2±3.7	82.5±4.6	81.1±4.1^ab	20.914^**	81.8±3.2	80.8±3.3	83.8±4.4	82.0±3.8^abc	37.830^**	4.45^**
头长高 I_len-hei-h	64.3±5.2	66.0±5.9	66.8±3.4	65.5±5.0^ac	16.409^**	66.4±5.5	64.3±5.9	70.5±3.7	66.8±5.7^abc	74.980^**	4.75^**
头宽高 I_bre-hei-h	79.9±6.5	82.3±7.2	81.0±3.8	80.8±6.0^abc	8.214^**	81.2±6.6	79.7±7.3	84.2±4.3	81.5±6.6^abc	27.137^**	2.17^*
形态面 I_mor-fac	81.4±5.4	83.6±4.8	86.3±5.3	83.6±5.6^abc	55.110^**	79.4±4.5	82.8±4.5	85.4±5.4	82.3±5.3^abc	88.903^**	4.66^**
鼻I_nas	78.3±8.4	72.5±7.1	68.8±6.6	73.6±8.6^abc	101.166^**	77.7±8.7	71.4±7.2	68.3±6.7	72.9±8.6^abc	89.048^**	1.59
口I_lip	27.2±8.0	29.2±8.0	32.4±8.3	29.4±8.4^ab	24.945^**	27.5±7.7	30.4±7.5	32.7±8.3	30.0±8.1^abc	24.756^**	1.42
容貌耳 I_phy-ear	53.6±4.8	52.8±5.7	51.5±4.0	52.7±4.9^ab	11.379^**	51.7±5.0	50.1±6.0	50.7±4.8	50.9±5.3^ac	6.414^**	6.90^**
身高坐高 I_sta-sit-h	52.7±1.5	52.6±1.6	53.5±1.4	52.9±1.5^ab	19.764^**	53.2±1.8	53.0±1.4	54.2±1.6	53.5±1.7^ab	29.751^**	7.33^**
身高体质量I_sta-we	441.1±67.6	419.8±64.4	446.7±73.4	437.2±69.3^bc	9.268^**	410.3±72.2	387.7±60.6	400.9±58.8	402.6±64.8^c	2.975^**	10.07^**
身高胸围 I_sta-ch-c	57.8±4.5	57.5±4.5	56.1±4.3	57.2±4.5^ab	8.976^**	58.8±5.8	58.3±5.0	56.9±4.7	58.4±5.3^ab	10.268^**	4.78^**
身高肩宽 I_sta-sh-bre	23.0±1.0	22.6±0.9	23.8±1.1	23.2±1.1^abc	74.294^**	22.5±1.0	22.2±0.9	23.2±1.0	22.6±1.0^abc	64.389^**	11.15^**
身高骨盆宽I_sta-cri-ili	18.4±0.9	17.0±1.1	18.1±1.2	17.9±1.2^abc	86.782^**	19.6±1.1	18.3±1.2	19.2±1.4	19.0±1.4^abc	71.412^**	16.53^**
肩宽骨盆宽I_acr-cri	80.0±4.5	75.2±5.0	76.0±4.9	77.5±5.2^ac	66.739^**	87.1±5.1	82.4±5.3	82.9±5.3	84.2±5.7^ac	59.023^**	24.04^**
马氏躯干腿长I_{Man's- ske}	90.0±5.4	90.3±5.8	87.2±5.0	89.0±5.5^ab	19.655^**	88.0±6.3	88.9±5.0	84.5±5.2	87.2±5.8^ab	30.608^**	6.23^**
身高上肢长I_sta-up-L-L	44.4±1.6	44.1±1.5	44.5±1.6	44.4±1.6	0.855	44.0±1.8	43.9±1.6	44.4±1.8	44.0±1.7^ab	6.690^**	4.74^**
身高下肢长I_sta-low-L-L	52.3±1.9	54.1±2.8	52.3±1.7	52.8±2.2^bc	51.966^**	54.2±1.7	54.8±1.8	54.0±1.7	54.4±1.8^bc	12.559^**	15.52^**
身体质量指数I_mas	26.4±3.9	24.9±3.7	26.5±4.2	26.1±4.0^bc	10.384^**	26.5±4.8	24.7±3.9	25.7±3.8	25.8±4.2^c	3.778^**	1.43

指数Index	男性Male					女性Female					u
指数Index	卫藏Weizang	康巴Kham	安多Amdo	合计Total	F	卫藏Weizang	康巴Kham	安多Amdo	合计Total	F	u
头长宽 I_len-bre-h	80.6±3.6	80.2±3.7	82.5±4.6	81.1±4.1^ab	20.914^**	81.8±3.2	80.8±3.3	83.8±4.4	82.0±3.8^abc	37.830^**	4.45^**
头长高 I_len-hei-h	64.3±5.2	66.0±5.9	66.8±3.4	65.5±5.0^ac	16.409^**	66.4±5.5	64.3±5.9	70.5±3.7	66.8±5.7^abc	74.980^**	4.75^**
头宽高 I_bre-hei-h	79.9±6.5	82.3±7.2	81.0±3.8	80.8±6.0^abc	8.214^**	81.2±6.6	79.7±7.3	84.2±4.3	81.5±6.6^abc	27.137^**	2.17^*
形态面 I_mor-fac	81.4±5.4	83.6±4.8	86.3±5.3	83.6±5.6^abc	55.110^**	79.4±4.5	82.8±4.5	85.4±5.4	82.3±5.3^abc	88.903^**	4.66^**
鼻I_nas	78.3±8.4	72.5±7.1	68.8±6.6	73.6±8.6^abc	101.166^**	77.7±8.7	71.4±7.2	68.3±6.7	72.9±8.6^abc	89.048^**	1.59
口I_lip	27.2±8.0	29.2±8.0	32.4±8.3	29.4±8.4^ab	24.945^**	27.5±7.7	30.4±7.5	32.7±8.3	30.0±8.1^abc	24.756^**	1.42
容貌耳 I_phy-ear	53.6±4.8	52.8±5.7	51.5±4.0	52.7±4.9^ab	11.379^**	51.7±5.0	50.1±6.0	50.7±4.8	50.9±5.3^ac	6.414^**	6.90^**
身高坐高 I_sta-sit-h	52.7±1.5	52.6±1.6	53.5±1.4	52.9±1.5^ab	19.764^**	53.2±1.8	53.0±1.4	54.2±1.6	53.5±1.7^ab	29.751^**	7.33^**
身高体质量I_sta-we	441.1±67.6	419.8±64.4	446.7±73.4	437.2±69.3^bc	9.268^**	410.3±72.2	387.7±60.6	400.9±58.8	402.6±64.8^c	2.975^**	10.07^**
身高胸围 I_sta-ch-c	57.8±4.5	57.5±4.5	56.1±4.3	57.2±4.5^ab	8.976^**	58.8±5.8	58.3±5.0	56.9±4.7	58.4±5.3^ab	10.268^**	4.78^**
身高肩宽 I_sta-sh-bre	23.0±1.0	22.6±0.9	23.8±1.1	23.2±1.1^abc	74.294^**	22.5±1.0	22.2±0.9	23.2±1.0	22.6±1.0^abc	64.389^**	11.15^**
身高骨盆宽I_sta-cri-ili	18.4±0.9	17.0±1.1	18.1±1.2	17.9±1.2^abc	86.782^**	19.6±1.1	18.3±1.2	19.2±1.4	19.0±1.4^abc	71.412^**	16.53^**
肩宽骨盆宽I_acr-cri	80.0±4.5	75.2±5.0	76.0±4.9	77.5±5.2^ac	66.739^**	87.1±5.1	82.4±5.3	82.9±5.3	84.2±5.7^ac	59.023^**	24.04^**
马氏躯干腿长I_{Man's- ske}	90.0±5.4	90.3±5.8	87.2±5.0	89.0±5.5^ab	19.655^**	88.0±6.3	88.9±5.0	84.5±5.2	87.2±5.8^ab	30.608^**	6.23^**
身高上肢长I_sta-up-L-L	44.4±1.6	44.1±1.5	44.5±1.6	44.4±1.6	0.855	44.0±1.8	43.9±1.6	44.4±1.8	44.0±1.7^ab	6.690^**	4.74^**
身高下肢长I_sta-low-L-L	52.3±1.9	54.1±2.8	52.3±1.7	52.8±2.2^bc	51.966^**	54.2±1.7	54.8±1.8	54.0±1.7	54.4±1.8^bc	12.559^**	15.52^**
身体质量指数I_mas	26.4±3.9	24.9±3.7	26.5±4.2	26.1±4.0^bc	10.384^**	26.5±4.8	24.7±3.9	25.7±3.8	25.8±4.2^c	3.778^**	1.43

指标Index	分型 Somatotype	卫藏Weizang		康巴Kham		安多Amdo		u1	u2	u3
指标Index	分型 Somatotype	例数n	占比%	例数n	占比%	例数n	占比%	u1	u2	u3
发型S_hair	直发straight	424	81.5%	367	97.6%	398	97.1%	6.57^**	7.83^**	12.82^**
发型S_hair	波发wave	82	15.8%	9	2.4%	12	2.9%	8.54^**	6.36^**	1.52
上眼睑皱褶F_up-eye	无no	95	18.2%	147	31.3%	126	30.7%	2.82^**	4.59^**	2.05^*
上眼睑皱褶F_up-eye	有yes	425	81.6%	322	68.7%	284	69.3%	9.11^**	3.86^**	4.71^**
内眦褶F_mon	无no	354	67.9%	188	40.7%	282	68.8%	11.70^**	0.65	11.53^**
内眦褶F_mon	有yes	166	31.9%	274	59.3%	128	31.2%	5.15^**	0.03	4.81^**
眼裂高度H_ope-eye	狭窄narrow	161	30.9%	116	29.3%	103	25.1%	4.17^**	1.78	2.07^*
	中等middle	338	64.9%	237	59.8%	296	72.2%	7.92^**	2.73^**	10.01^**
	较宽wide	18	3.5%	43	10.9%	11	2.7%	2.86^**	0.63	3.16^**
眼裂倾斜度D_eye	内角高internal angle	4	0.8%	21	5.6%	1	0.2%	3.17^**	1.07	3.51^**
	水平middle	180	34.5%	122	32.4%	185	45.1%	5.02^**	3.48^**	8.26^**
	外角高external angle	335	64.3%	234	62.1%	224	54.6%	7.90^**	2.66^**	4.70^**
鼻根高度H_nas-r	低平low	161	30.9%	124	26.1%	135	32.9%	3.61^**	0.83	4.24^**
	中等middle	347	66.6%	297	62.4%	269	65.6%	5.15^**	0.04	4.82^**
	较高high	12	2.3%	55	11.6%	6	1.5%	4.97^**	0.89	5.10^**
鼻背侧面观P_nas	凹型concave	139	26.7%	35	7.3%	74	18.0%	9.37^**	2.97^**	6.06^**
	直型straight	330	63.3%	386	80.9%	276	67.3%	1.06	1.61	0.66
	凸型protruding	51	9.8%	56	11.7%	60	14.6%	0.08	2.36^**	2.51^*
下颏类型J_und	后缩型 retraction	54	10.4%	34	8.6%	23	5.6%	2.76^**	2.54^*	0.10
	直型straight	146	28.0%	111	28.0%	248	60.5%	3.49^**	10.15^*	13.53^**
	凸型protruding	323	62.0%	252	63.5%	139	33.9%	6.12^**	8.22^**	2.79^**
上唇皮肤部高H_up-Lip	低low	25	4.8%	24	6.0%	42	10.2%	0.54	3.27^**	3.88^**
	中等middle	451	86.7%	325	80.6%	313	76.3%	10.90^**	3.41^**	6.91^**
	高high	50	9.6%	54	13.4%	55	13.4%	0.17	1.92	2.14^*
红唇厚度L_thi	薄唇thin	435	83.7%	281	69.6%	186	45.4%	12.02^**	11.79^**	0.68
	中唇middle	88	16.9%	114	28.2%	188	45.9%	1.17	9.77^**	9.00^**
	厚唇thick	3	0.6%	9	2.2%	36	8.8%	1.55	6.26^**	5.45^**
鼻宽B_nose	窄narrow	41	7.9%	118	29.4%	33	8.0%	5.86^**	0.18	5.18^**
	中等middle	283	54.4%	218	54.2%	207	50.5%	5.55^**	0.89	4.28^**
	宽wide	202	38.8%	66	16.4%	170	41.5%	10.56^**	1.04	11.10^**

藏族的体质类型和人种学特征

Physical types and ethnological characteristics of Tibetans

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附属材料

可视化

摘要/Abstract

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参考文献 30

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

指标Index	卫藏Weizang	康巴Kham	安多 Amdo	汉族 Han	满族 Man	维吾尔族Uyghur	蒙古族Mongol	彝族 Yi	哈尼族Hani	侗族Dong	布依族Bouyei	壮族Zhuang	傣族Dai	苗族Miao	佤族Wa
头长L_head	199.2	195.9	188.5	186.0	175.4	181.3	189.2	188.1	189.1	184.8	184.7	183.4	184.1	184.3	188.5
头宽B_head	160.4	156.9	155.3	155.2	153.6	154.3	160.6	153.9	151.6	149.0	146.6	149.6	154.4	150.4	151.7
面宽B_face	152.2	149.9	146.8	141.9	137.0	136.9	146.4	142.2	142.8	140.0	138.9	138.2	143.2	144.5	142.3
眼内角间宽B_inter	33.9	36.1	34.5	35.4	32.1	32.5	35.3	30.2	32.1	35.0	34.4	36.3	32.7	33.9	32.5
眼外角间宽B_exter	93.0	92.7	93.7	90.7	95.3	95.0	86.5	90.0	89.1	92.8	88.5	91.8	90.4	88.2	92.7
鼻宽B_nose	38.1	38.7	38.7	38.9	40.2	36.3	39.3	38.4	38.6	39.8	40.1	40.8	39.9	39.5	39.8
口宽B_mou	50.4	50.0	51.7	51.3	54.4	48.0	49.8	51.7	47.6	52.6	52.4	51.8	50.7	51.8	50.0
形态面高H_mor-fac	123.9	125.2	126.5	125.1	123.5	128.0	123.8	123.8	119.3	119.6	116.5	124.4	121.9	116.5	121.5
上唇皮肤部高H_up-Lip	16.4	16.9	15.4	16.3	17.6	17.6	14.0	16.1	17.3	15.8	16.0	18.7	16.2	15.2	14.6
红唇厚度L_thi	6.0	6.5	8.1	7.6	5.9	6.0	7.5	7.8	7.0	6.9	6.4	6.3	7.1	8.4	7.7
容貌耳长L_phy-ear	65.4	66.0	65.9	64.8	64.3	64.1	71.1	64.9	64.0	63.0	60.9	66.0	62.9	62.1	61.1
容貌耳宽B_phy-ear	35.0	34.8	33.9	32.2	32.8	33.1	39.6	31.3	34.3	31.7	30.5	32.5	30.0	30.7	33.0
耳上头高H_aur	127.8	128.9	125.7	129.1	135.5	128.5	122.5	119.9	125.7	124.9	124.7	123.7	122.2	130.8	122.1
身高S	1667.8	1683.3	1682.4	1664.9	1661.4	1669	1694.4	1640.1	1595.9	1572.2	1553.9	1607.6	1513.1	1570.0	1608.9

指标Index	卫藏Weizang	康巴 Kham	安多Amdo	汉族 Han	满族 Man	维吾尔族 Uyghur	蒙古族 Mongol	彝族 Yi	哈尼族 Hani	侗族 Dong	布依族 Bouyei	壮族 Zhuang	傣族 Dai	苗族 Miao	佤族 Wa
头长L_head	189.0	186.5	176.8	177.9	168.7	171.5	180.7	181.4	182.4	176.5	176.4	178.4	176.8	180.7	182.9
头宽B_head	154.5	150.5	147.9	148.5	147.4	146.7	153	148.3	146.6	144.1	140.9	153.3	149.7	144.0	145.3
面宽 B_face	143.9	141.9	138.5	135.2	130.7	129.0	138.9	134.0	135.2	133.5	131.8	131.6	137.6	136.2	134.9
眼内角间宽B_inter	32.9	34.4	33.3	34.2	30.6	31.4	34.7	29.5	31.9	34.1	33.4	35.8	32.5	32.4	31.5
眼外角间宽B_exter	89.5	88.5	89.3	87.1	92.6	92.5	83.0	88.6	86.4	88.8	85.0	87.6	88.0	84.9	89.8
鼻宽B_nose	34.1	35.4	34.6	35.9	37.9	33.4	36.2	35.0	35.9	36.7	37.1	32.8	37.5	36.6	36.8
口宽B_mou	47.8	47.7	47.7	48.6	49.2	44.6	45.6	48.1	45.4	49.8	49.6	49.0	48.3	49.8	46.7
形态面高 H_mor-fac	114.3	117.3	118.2	117.8	114.2	118.5	114.8	114.2	110.1	109.7	108.7	113.6	111.4	108.2	110.3
上唇皮肤部高H_up-Lip	14.9	15.7	15.7	15.0	17.0	15.4	13.4	14.5	15.5	14.7	13.7	17.4	14.8	13.0	13.9
红唇厚度 L_thi	5.9	6.7	7.5	7.3	6.0	6.2	6.7	7.2	6.2	6.8	5.8	6.8	7.0	8.3	7.0
容貌耳长 L_phy-ear	61.6	63.6	63.1	61.3	61.8	60.6	68.3	60.1	58.9	60.1	57.0	62.3	62.1	59.4	58.1
容貌耳宽 B_phy-ear	31.8	31.7	31.8	30.3	31.0	31.2	38.6	30.0	32.1	31.0	29.7	30.4	30.8	28.8	31.5
耳上头高H_aur	125.3	119.9	124.5	124.7	130.3	122.6	119.2	115.5	123.2	119.2	121.1	124.6	120.3	124.8	117.9
身高H	1557.8	1564.3	1559.9	1552.5	1552.7	1551.7	1566.7	1537.2	1494.0	1491.1	1482.2	1501.5	1519.4	1487.8	1512.0

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