人类学学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (05): 837-847.doi: 10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2021.0069cstr: 32091.14.j.1000-3193/AAS.2021.0069
赵永生1(), 张晓雯2, 董文斌3, 王芬4, 曾雯1()
收稿日期:
2021-02-09
修回日期:
2021-05-12
出版日期:
2022-10-15
发布日期:
2022-10-13
通讯作者:
曾雯
作者简介:
赵永生,副教授,主要从事古代人骨研究。Email: 基金资助:
ZHAO Yongsheng1(), ZHANG Xiaowen2, DONG Wenbin3, WANG Fen4, ZENG Wen1()
Received:
2021-02-09
Revised:
2021-05-12
Online:
2022-10-15
Published:
2022-10-13
Contact:
ZENG Wen
摘要:
在海岱地区古代居民中,北辛文化居民最早出现拔牙现象,都是拔除双侧上颌侧门齿,单一形式且高出现率的拔牙现象可能与成年仪式相关。结合考古材料和民族学资料来看,凿、敲或打应该是海岱地区史前居民去除牙齿的主要方式,具体操作应该是用细小且坚硬的工具抵在需去除的牙齿上,然后用石块等工具进行敲打。海岱地区古代居民对去除后的牙齿进行了相对随意或特意的处理,且原牙位空间没有进行其他填充。这种拔牙现象的消逝可能始于大汶口文化晚期,进入龙山文化时期海岱地区的这种拔牙现象出现了整体性的衰落。
中图分类号:
赵永生, 张晓雯, 董文斌, 王芬, 曾雯. 海岱地区史前居民的拔牙习俗[J]. 人类学学报, 2022, 41(05): 837-847.
ZHAO Yongsheng, ZHANG Xiaowen, DONG Wenbin, WANG Fen, ZENG Wen. Custom of dental extraction among the prehistoric residents in Haidai area[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2022, 41(05): 837-847.
出土单位 Location | 性别 Gender | 年龄 Age (a) | I1 | I2 | C | P1 | P2 | M1 | M2 | M3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
上颌 Max | 下颌 Man | 上颌 Max | 下颌 Man | 上颌 Max | 下颌 Man | 上颌 Max | 下颌 Man | 上颌 Max | 下颌 Man | 上颌 Max | 下颌 Man | 上颌 Max | 下颌 Man | 上颌 Max | 下颌 Man | |||||||||||||||||||
L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | |||
M4 | 男性Male | 25-35 | - | - | - | 3 | - | - | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
M8 | 男性Male | 壮年Mature | 6 | 5 | - | - | - | - | 5 | - | - | 5 | 6 | - | - | - | - | - | 5 | - | - | 5 | - | 7 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
M10 | 男性Male | 25-30 | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3 | 3 | 3 | - | 2 | 2 | 3 | - | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | 4 | 3 | 4 | - | - | - | - | - | 3 | 2 | - | 2 |
M11 | —— | 15-18 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | 2 | - | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | 2 | 2 | 1 | - | 2 | 2 | 1 | - | 3 | 3 | 2 | - | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | - | - |
M16 | 女性Female | 35-40 | 2 | 2 | - | 2 | - | - | - | 3 | - | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | - | - | 3 | - | 4 | - | - | - | 3 |
M18 | 男性Male | 25-35 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | - | - | 3 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | - | - | 3 | 3 | - | - | - | - |
M20 | 男性Male? | 40-50 | 4 | 4 | - | - | - | - | 5 | - | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 8 | 6 | - | - | - | 4 | 6 | - | 7 | 4 | - | - | - | 4 | - | - | - | - | - |
M21南 | 女性Female | 25-35 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 | - | - | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 6 | - | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | - | - | - | - |
M22 | 女性Female | 35-40 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 7 | - | - | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 | - | 7 | 7 | - | 7 | 7 | 7 | - | - | - | - |
M23 | 男性Male | 25-30 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | - | - | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | - | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | - | 2 | - | 2 |
M24 | 女性Female | 20-25 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | - | - | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
M25 | 女性Female | 35-40 | 3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | - | - | 5 | - | 4 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 4 | - | - | - | 1 | 3 |
M27 | 男性Male | 25-30 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | - | - | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 |
M28 | —— | 13-16 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | - |
M30 | 男性Male | 25-30 | - | - | 3 | 3 | - | - | 3 | 3 | - | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 2 | - | 2 | 1 |
M46 | 女性Female | 20-25 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | - | - | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
M47 | 女性Female | 35-40 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | - | - | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | 2 | 5 | - | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
M52 | 女性Female | 35-40 | 6 | 6 | 5 | - | - | - | 3 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2 | - | 3 | 2 |
M55 | 男性Male | 30-40 | 4 | - | 3 | 3 | - | - | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 7 | - | 6 | 4 | - | 4 | 4 | 5 | 3 | - | 3 | 3 |
M58 | 女性Female | 30-35 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | - | - | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | - | 3 | 3 | 3 | - | - | 3 | 3 |
M59 | 女性Female | 23-27 | - | - | - | 2 | - | - | - | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | 2 | - | 2 | - | 2 | - | 2 | - | 2 | - | 3 | - | 4 | - | 2 | 3 | 3 | - | 1 | - | - |
M62 | 男性Male | 14-17 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | - |
M66 | 女性Female | 20-25 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | - | - | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | - | - | 2 | 1 |
M67 | 女性Female | 35-40 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 | - | - | 2 | 2 | 4 | - | 3 | 3 | - | - | 3 | 3 | - | - | 2 | 3 | 5 | - | 4 | - | 4 | - | 4 | - | - | - | - | - |
M70 | 男性Male | 30-35 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | - | - | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
M71 | 女性Female | 30-35 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | - | - | 4 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | - | 5 | 4 | 4 | 3 | - | 2 | - | - |
M72南 | 男性Male | 25-35 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | - | - | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 |
M72北 | 女性Female | 30-40 | - | 3 | 3 | 3 | - | - | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
M73 | 女性Female | 35-40 | - | - | 5 | 5 | - | - | 4 | 4 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 4 | 4 | - | - | 5 | 6 | - | - | - | - | 3 | 5 | - | - | - | - |
M76 | 女性Female? | 16-18 | 3 | 2 | 3 | - | - | - | 2 | - | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | - | - | - |
M78 | 男性Male | 16-18 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | 3 | 3 | 3 | - | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
M80 | 女性Female | 30-40 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2 | 2 | 3 | - | 4 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | - | - | - | - |
M81 | 男性Male | 20-25 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | - | - | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | - | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | - | - | - | - |
M82 | 女性Female | 18-22 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | 2 | - | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | 1 | 1 |
M83 | 女性Female | 30-35 | - | 7 | 5 | 5 | - | - | 5 | 4 | - | - | 2 | 2 | - | - | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
M84 | 男性Male | 17-20 | - | - | 3 | 3 | - | - | 2 | 2 | - | - | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | - | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
M87 | 女性Female | 30-35 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | - | - | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 7 | - | 3 | 3 | - | - | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
M90 | 女性Female | 35-40 | 5 | - | - | 5 | - | - | 5 | 2 | 3 | 3 | - | - | 5 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | - | 7 | 6 | 7 | 5 | 7 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 7 | 7 | 5 | 7 |
M91 | 女性Female | 30-35 | - | - | - | 4 | - | - | - | 4 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 1 | - | - | - |
M93 | 女性Female | 35-40 | - | 4 | 3 | 3 | - | - | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 5 | - | - | 2 | - |
M95 | 男性Male | 30-35 | 3 | - | 3 | 3 | - | - | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | 1 | 1 |
M96 | 女性Female | 40-45 | - | 5 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 5 | 4 | - | - | 2 | 2 | - | - | 3 | 2 | - | - | - | 3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
M97 | 女性Female? | 30-40 | - | 7 | - | - | - | - | - | 4 | - | 4 | 4 | 3 | - | - | 3 | - | - | 3 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 3 | - | - | 3 | 1 |
M98 | —— | 16-20 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | - |
M101 | 男性Male | 30-35 | 4 | 4 | - | 4 | - | - | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | - | - | 2 | - |
M103 | 男性Male | 30-35 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | - | - | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 4 | - | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
M104 | 女性Female | 35-40 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 7 | - | - | 5 | 5 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 5 | - | 5 | 3 | - | - | 7 | 6 | 6 | - | - | 2 | 5 | - | - | - | 2 | 2 |
M105 | 男性Male | 30-40 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | - | - | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 5 | - | 4 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | - | - | - | 2 |
M107 | 女性Female | 25-35 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | - | - | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 2 | - |
M109 | 女性Female | 35-45 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | - | - | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | - | 4 | 4 | 4 | - | 4 | 3 | 4 | - | 5 | 4 | 5 | - | 3 | 4 | - | - | - | 3 | - |
M110 | 女性Female | 20-25 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | - | - |
M111 | 男性Male | 30-35 | - | 4 | 4 | 4 | - | - | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | - | - |
M118 | 女性Female | 35-45 | 7 | - | 7 | 7 | - | - | 8 | 6 | 5 | 7 | - | - | - | 7 | - | - | 5 | 5 | - | - | 3 | 3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
M122北 | 男性Male | 40-50 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 6 | 6 | - | 5 | 5 | 5 | 7 | - | 5 | 3 | - | - | 5 | 3 | - | - | - | - | 6 | 4 | 5 | - | - | - | - | - |
M123 | 女性Female | 35-40 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | - | - | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 6 | 4 | 4 | - | - | - | - | - | 6 | - | 5 | - | - | - | - |
M125 | —— | 14-16 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | - | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | - |
M132 | 女性Female | 20-25 | 2 | 2 | - | 3 | - | - | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | - | - |
平均磨耗Average tooth wear | 3.7 | 3.4 | - | 3.07 | 3.39 | 3.24 | 3.3 | 3.11 | 2.9 | 2.81 | 4.11 | 3.8 | 3.19 | 3.15 | 2.14 | 2.12 |
表1 焦家遗址拔牙居民各个牙位的磨耗等级
Tab.1 The wear level of each tooth position among the tooth extraction residents at the Jiaojia site
出土单位 Location | 性别 Gender | 年龄 Age (a) | I1 | I2 | C | P1 | P2 | M1 | M2 | M3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
上颌 Max | 下颌 Man | 上颌 Max | 下颌 Man | 上颌 Max | 下颌 Man | 上颌 Max | 下颌 Man | 上颌 Max | 下颌 Man | 上颌 Max | 下颌 Man | 上颌 Max | 下颌 Man | 上颌 Max | 下颌 Man | |||||||||||||||||||
L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | |||
M4 | 男性Male | 25-35 | - | - | - | 3 | - | - | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
M8 | 男性Male | 壮年Mature | 6 | 5 | - | - | - | - | 5 | - | - | 5 | 6 | - | - | - | - | - | 5 | - | - | 5 | - | 7 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
M10 | 男性Male | 25-30 | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3 | 3 | 3 | - | 2 | 2 | 3 | - | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | 4 | 3 | 4 | - | - | - | - | - | 3 | 2 | - | 2 |
M11 | —— | 15-18 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | 2 | - | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | 2 | 2 | 1 | - | 2 | 2 | 1 | - | 3 | 3 | 2 | - | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | - | - |
M16 | 女性Female | 35-40 | 2 | 2 | - | 2 | - | - | - | 3 | - | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | - | - | 3 | - | 4 | - | - | - | 3 |
M18 | 男性Male | 25-35 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | - | - | 3 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | - | - | 3 | 3 | - | - | - | - |
M20 | 男性Male? | 40-50 | 4 | 4 | - | - | - | - | 5 | - | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 8 | 6 | - | - | - | 4 | 6 | - | 7 | 4 | - | - | - | 4 | - | - | - | - | - |
M21南 | 女性Female | 25-35 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 | - | - | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 6 | - | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | - | - | - | - |
M22 | 女性Female | 35-40 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 7 | - | - | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 | - | 7 | 7 | - | 7 | 7 | 7 | - | - | - | - |
M23 | 男性Male | 25-30 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | - | - | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | - | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | - | 2 | - | 2 |
M24 | 女性Female | 20-25 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | - | - | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
M25 | 女性Female | 35-40 | 3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | - | - | 5 | - | 4 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 4 | - | - | - | 1 | 3 |
M27 | 男性Male | 25-30 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | - | - | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 |
M28 | —— | 13-16 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | - |
M30 | 男性Male | 25-30 | - | - | 3 | 3 | - | - | 3 | 3 | - | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 2 | - | 2 | 1 |
M46 | 女性Female | 20-25 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | - | - | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
M47 | 女性Female | 35-40 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | - | - | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | 2 | 5 | - | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
M52 | 女性Female | 35-40 | 6 | 6 | 5 | - | - | - | 3 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2 | - | 3 | 2 |
M55 | 男性Male | 30-40 | 4 | - | 3 | 3 | - | - | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 7 | - | 6 | 4 | - | 4 | 4 | 5 | 3 | - | 3 | 3 |
M58 | 女性Female | 30-35 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | - | - | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | - | 3 | 3 | 3 | - | - | 3 | 3 |
M59 | 女性Female | 23-27 | - | - | - | 2 | - | - | - | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | 2 | - | 2 | - | 2 | - | 2 | - | 2 | - | 3 | - | 4 | - | 2 | 3 | 3 | - | 1 | - | - |
M62 | 男性Male | 14-17 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | - |
M66 | 女性Female | 20-25 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | - | - | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | - | - | 2 | 1 |
M67 | 女性Female | 35-40 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 | - | - | 2 | 2 | 4 | - | 3 | 3 | - | - | 3 | 3 | - | - | 2 | 3 | 5 | - | 4 | - | 4 | - | 4 | - | - | - | - | - |
M70 | 男性Male | 30-35 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | - | - | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
M71 | 女性Female | 30-35 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | - | - | 4 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | - | 5 | 4 | 4 | 3 | - | 2 | - | - |
M72南 | 男性Male | 25-35 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | - | - | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 |
M72北 | 女性Female | 30-40 | - | 3 | 3 | 3 | - | - | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
M73 | 女性Female | 35-40 | - | - | 5 | 5 | - | - | 4 | 4 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 4 | 4 | - | - | 5 | 6 | - | - | - | - | 3 | 5 | - | - | - | - |
M76 | 女性Female? | 16-18 | 3 | 2 | 3 | - | - | - | 2 | - | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | - | - | - |
M78 | 男性Male | 16-18 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | 3 | 3 | 3 | - | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
M80 | 女性Female | 30-40 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2 | 2 | 3 | - | 4 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | - | - | - | - |
M81 | 男性Male | 20-25 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | - | - | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | - | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | - | - | - | - |
M82 | 女性Female | 18-22 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | 2 | - | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | 1 | 1 |
M83 | 女性Female | 30-35 | - | 7 | 5 | 5 | - | - | 5 | 4 | - | - | 2 | 2 | - | - | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
M84 | 男性Male | 17-20 | - | - | 3 | 3 | - | - | 2 | 2 | - | - | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | - | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
M87 | 女性Female | 30-35 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | - | - | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 7 | - | 3 | 3 | - | - | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
M90 | 女性Female | 35-40 | 5 | - | - | 5 | - | - | 5 | 2 | 3 | 3 | - | - | 5 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | - | 7 | 6 | 7 | 5 | 7 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 7 | 7 | 5 | 7 |
M91 | 女性Female | 30-35 | - | - | - | 4 | - | - | - | 4 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 1 | - | - | - |
M93 | 女性Female | 35-40 | - | 4 | 3 | 3 | - | - | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 5 | - | - | 2 | - |
M95 | 男性Male | 30-35 | 3 | - | 3 | 3 | - | - | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | 1 | 1 |
M96 | 女性Female | 40-45 | - | 5 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 5 | 4 | - | - | 2 | 2 | - | - | 3 | 2 | - | - | - | 3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
M97 | 女性Female? | 30-40 | - | 7 | - | - | - | - | - | 4 | - | 4 | 4 | 3 | - | - | 3 | - | - | 3 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 3 | - | - | 3 | 1 |
M98 | —— | 16-20 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | - |
M101 | 男性Male | 30-35 | 4 | 4 | - | 4 | - | - | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | - | - | 2 | - |
M103 | 男性Male | 30-35 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | - | - | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 4 | - | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
M104 | 女性Female | 35-40 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 7 | - | - | 5 | 5 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 5 | - | 5 | 3 | - | - | 7 | 6 | 6 | - | - | 2 | 5 | - | - | - | 2 | 2 |
M105 | 男性Male | 30-40 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | - | - | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 5 | - | 4 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | - | - | - | 2 |
M107 | 女性Female | 25-35 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | - | - | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 2 | - |
M109 | 女性Female | 35-45 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | - | - | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | - | 4 | 4 | 4 | - | 4 | 3 | 4 | - | 5 | 4 | 5 | - | 3 | 4 | - | - | - | 3 | - |
M110 | 女性Female | 20-25 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | - | - |
M111 | 男性Male | 30-35 | - | 4 | 4 | 4 | - | - | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | - | - |
M118 | 女性Female | 35-45 | 7 | - | 7 | 7 | - | - | 8 | 6 | 5 | 7 | - | - | - | 7 | - | - | 5 | 5 | - | - | 3 | 3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
M122北 | 男性Male | 40-50 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 6 | 6 | - | 5 | 5 | 5 | 7 | - | 5 | 3 | - | - | 5 | 3 | - | - | - | - | 6 | 4 | 5 | - | - | - | - | - |
M123 | 女性Female | 35-40 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | - | - | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 6 | 4 | 4 | - | - | - | - | - | 6 | - | 5 | - | - | - | - |
M125 | —— | 14-16 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | - | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | - |
M132 | 女性Female | 20-25 | 2 | 2 | - | 3 | - | - | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | - | - |
平均磨耗Average tooth wear | 3.7 | 3.4 | - | 3.07 | 3.39 | 3.24 | 3.3 | 3.11 | 2.9 | 2.81 | 4.11 | 3.8 | 3.19 | 3.15 | 2.14 | 2.12 |
遗址Sites | 分期Periods | 男性Male | 女性Female | 合计Total | 卡方检验(男女两性)Chi-square test (Male & Female(p) | 参考文献 Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
泰安Tai'an (DWK) | 早期Early | 70.60% (13/17) | 77.80% (7/9) | 70.40% (19/26) | 0.694 | [ |
兖州王因Wangyin | 早期Early | 77.40% (205/265) | 75.20% (76/101) | 76.80% (281/366) | 0.669 | [ |
邳县大墩子Dadunzi | 早期Early | 61.40% (27/44) | 68.20% (15/22) | 63.60% (42/66) | 0.587 | [ |
即墨北阡Beiqian | 早期Early | 23.81% (5/21) | 42.86% (6/14) | 31.43% (11/35) | 0.283 | [ |
诸城呈子Chengzi | 中期Middle | 88.90% (8/9) | 100.00% (7/7) | 93.80% (15/16) | 0.362 | [ |
茌平尚庄Shangzhuang | 中期Middle | 100.00% (1/1) | 66.70% (4/6) | 71.40% (5/7) | 0.495 | [ |
章丘焦家Jiaojia | 中期Middle | 75.86% (22/29) | 94.12% (16/17) | 82.60% (38/46) | 0.240 | [ |
即墨北阡Beiqian | 中期Middle | 36.36% (4/11) | 63.64% (7/11) | 50.00% (11/22) | 0.395 | [ |
曲阜西夏侯Xixiahou | 晚期Late | 60.00% (6/10) | 40.00% (4/10) | 50.00% (10/20) | 0.371 | [ |
胶县三里河Sanlihe | 晚期Late | 9.90% (2/21) | 11.10% (1/9) | 10.00% (3/30) | 0.894 | [ |
章丘焦家Jiaojia | 晚期Late | 25.00% (1/4) | 80.00% (8/10) | 64.29% (9/14) | 0.095 | [ |
即墨北阡Beiqian | 晚期Late | 88.89% (8/9) | 100.00% (5/5) | 92.86% (13/14) | 1.000 | [ |
大汶口Dawenkou | 早期Early | 71.76% (249/347) | 71.23% (104/146) | 71.60% (353/493) | 0.906 | [ |
中期Middle | 70.00% (35/50) | 85.71% (42/49) | 77.78% (77/99) | 0.060 | [ | |
晚期Late | 39.53% (17/43) | 51.52% (17/33) | 44.74% (34/76) | 0.298 | [ |
表2 大汶口文化居民不同时期拔牙率统计
Tab.2 Statistics of dental extraction rates among residents of Dawenkou culture in different periods
遗址Sites | 分期Periods | 男性Male | 女性Female | 合计Total | 卡方检验(男女两性)Chi-square test (Male & Female(p) | 参考文献 Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
泰安Tai'an (DWK) | 早期Early | 70.60% (13/17) | 77.80% (7/9) | 70.40% (19/26) | 0.694 | [ |
兖州王因Wangyin | 早期Early | 77.40% (205/265) | 75.20% (76/101) | 76.80% (281/366) | 0.669 | [ |
邳县大墩子Dadunzi | 早期Early | 61.40% (27/44) | 68.20% (15/22) | 63.60% (42/66) | 0.587 | [ |
即墨北阡Beiqian | 早期Early | 23.81% (5/21) | 42.86% (6/14) | 31.43% (11/35) | 0.283 | [ |
诸城呈子Chengzi | 中期Middle | 88.90% (8/9) | 100.00% (7/7) | 93.80% (15/16) | 0.362 | [ |
茌平尚庄Shangzhuang | 中期Middle | 100.00% (1/1) | 66.70% (4/6) | 71.40% (5/7) | 0.495 | [ |
章丘焦家Jiaojia | 中期Middle | 75.86% (22/29) | 94.12% (16/17) | 82.60% (38/46) | 0.240 | [ |
即墨北阡Beiqian | 中期Middle | 36.36% (4/11) | 63.64% (7/11) | 50.00% (11/22) | 0.395 | [ |
曲阜西夏侯Xixiahou | 晚期Late | 60.00% (6/10) | 40.00% (4/10) | 50.00% (10/20) | 0.371 | [ |
胶县三里河Sanlihe | 晚期Late | 9.90% (2/21) | 11.10% (1/9) | 10.00% (3/30) | 0.894 | [ |
章丘焦家Jiaojia | 晚期Late | 25.00% (1/4) | 80.00% (8/10) | 64.29% (9/14) | 0.095 | [ |
即墨北阡Beiqian | 晚期Late | 88.89% (8/9) | 100.00% (5/5) | 92.86% (13/14) | 1.000 | [ |
大汶口Dawenkou | 早期Early | 71.76% (249/347) | 71.23% (104/146) | 71.60% (353/493) | 0.906 | [ |
中期Middle | 70.00% (35/50) | 85.71% (42/49) | 77.78% (77/99) | 0.060 | [ | |
晚期Late | 39.53% (17/43) | 51.52% (17/33) | 44.74% (34/76) | 0.298 | [ |
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