人类学学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (05): 927-935.doi: 10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2021.0066

• 发掘/调查报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

安徽巢湖地区2019年旧石器考古调查的新发现

战世佳1(), 董哲2(), 弋双文3, 张红艳3, 李浩4, 裴树文5,6   

  1. 1.辽宁师范大学历史文化旅游学院,大连 116081
    2.安徽省文物考古研究所,合肥 230601
    3.南京大学地理与海洋科学学院,南京 210093
    4.中国科学院青藏高原研究所,青藏高原地球系统与资源环境国家重点实验室,北京100101
    5.中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室,中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,北京 100044
    6.中国科学院生物演化与环境卓越创新中心,北京 100044
  • 收稿日期:2021-03-08 修回日期:2021-05-10 出版日期:2022-10-15 发布日期:2022-10-13
  • 通讯作者: 董哲
  • 作者简介:战世佳,博士,讲师,主要从事旧石器时代考古学研究。Email: zhanshijia@outlook.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金青年项目“安徽水阳江流域官山旧石器遗址出土遗物整理与研究”(20CKG001);安徽省创新创业领军人才特殊支持计划

The stone artifacts discovered in the Paleolithic survey in the Chaohu Lake Region, Anhui Province in 2019

ZHAN Shijia1(), DONG Zhe2(), YI Shuangwen3, ZHANG Hongyan3, LI Hao4, PEI Shuwen5,6   

  1. 1. School of History, Culture and Tourism, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081
    2. Institute of Archaeology and Cultural Relics, Anhui Province, Hefei 230601
    3. School of Geographical and Oceanographical Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093
    4. State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101
    5. Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044
    6. CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing 100044
  • Received:2021-03-08 Revised:2021-05-10 Online:2022-10-15 Published:2022-10-13
  • Contact: DONG Zhe

摘要:

2019年10月,安徽省文物考古研究所在巢湖地区开展旧石器考古野外调查,新发现16处旧石器地点、1处动物化石地点,并对20世纪80年代发现的望城岗地点群进行复查,共获得石制品939件,动物化石4件。石制品原料以石英岩砾石为主,类型可划分为剥片类、废片类、修理类和砸击品。石核开发利用程度较高,周身自然砾石面占比较低;废片类包括石片、断块和碎片,石片以V型和II型为主,存在一定数量长度大于10 cm的大石片,部分石片保留直接使用痕迹;修理类多为以石片为毛坯,类型以刮削器为主,同时存在少量大型切割工具。根据对张家湾地点OSL年代学测试结果推测,巢湖地区发现旧石器地点的绝对年代不晚于距今12.5万年。这些地点的石器技术的典型特点是早期人类从大型石核上剥取大石片,并以之为毛坯加工重型工具。本次发现对进一步讨论中更新世人类在长江下游地区的石器技术多样性及该地区阿舍利技术大石片存在状况等具有重要学术意义。

关键词: 旧石器调查, 巢湖地区, 大石片生产, 优质原料, 中更新世

Abstract:

This report presents the preliminary results of a Paleolithic survey in the Chaohu Lake Region (CLR), Anhui Province. The investigation was conducted by Institute of Archaeology and Cultural Relics of Anhui Province in 2019, and a total of sixteen new paleolithic localities and one animal fossil locality were discovered. A former Paleolithic site-complex, named Wangchenggang, discovered in 1980’s was also reexamined. Nine hundred and thirty-nine stone artifacts and four pieces of broken animal fossils were found during the investigation. Quartzite dominates the raw materials of stone artifacts and most of them are made on cobbles. Technologically, the stone artifacts can be classified into flaked pieces, detached pieces, retouched pieces and bipolar technique products. The exploitation of free-hand core is high and the ratio of cortex is low. Most of flakes belong to type V and II, with some utilized materials coexistent. There are also some large flakes (L>10 cm) in the assemblage. According to the characteristics of stone artifacts, early human detached large flakes from the large cores and further used them as blanks to manufacture heavy-duty tools. On the basis of Zhangjiawan OSL dating results, The age of these paleolithic localities in the CLR were no later than 125 kaBP. The new discoveries bear great significance for studying early human dispersals, technological diversity and the possibility of Acheulean technology large flake in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

Key words: Paleolithic survey, Chaohu Lake Region, Large flake production, High quality material, Middle Pleistocene

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