人类学学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (01): 46-60.doi: 10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2022.0052
叶芷1,2,3(), 杜雨薇1,2,3, 裴树文1,2(), 丁馨4, 徐哲1,2,3, 马东东1,2
收稿日期:
2021-10-26
修回日期:
2022-01-08
出版日期:
2023-02-15
发布日期:
2023-02-20
作者简介:
叶芷,硕士研究生,主要从事旧石器时代考古学研究。E-mail: 基金资助:
YE Zhi1,2,3(), DU Yuwei1,2,3, PEI Shuwen1,2(), DING Xin4, XU Zhe1,2,3, MA Dongdong1,2
Received:
2021-10-26
Revised:
2022-01-08
Online:
2023-02-15
Published:
2023-02-20
摘要:
泥河湾盆地发育着我国北方第四纪典型的河湖相沉积体系,因其间富集众多早-中更新世旧石器时代遗址为学术界所关注。本文对泥河湾盆地蔚县吉家庄遗址(JJZ-B和JJZ-E地点)的遗址成因进行分析。地貌和沉积物特点表明,JJZ-B地点埋藏于湖滨相环境的湿地或沼泽环境,JJZ-E地点则属于湖滨相环境下的沙坝沉积体系。遗物的多项指标(遗物空间分布特点、石制品风化磨蚀状况、石制品技术组合与空间产状特征等)分析显示,JJZ-B地点属于近原地埋藏,形成过程中受到微弱的入湖片流改造,遗址完整性较高;JJZ-E地点的遗物连同砾石被湖滨片流搬运至遗址堆积区,后期受到了湖水的淘洗作用,显示异地埋藏的特点。研究表明,泥河湾古湖在中更新世仍保留有丰富的古人类活动信息,湖滨不同部位对遗址成因产生重要影响;该研究对正确解读古人类对吉家庄遗址不同地点的利用方式具有重要意义。
中图分类号:
叶芷, 杜雨薇, 裴树文, 丁馨, 徐哲, 马东东. 蔚县盆地吉家庄旧石器遗址的形成过程[J]. 人类学学报, 2023, 42(01): 46-60.
YE Zhi, DU Yuwei, PEI Shuwen, DING Xin, XU Zhe, MA Dongdong. A study of the formation process of Jijiazhuang Paleolithic site in Yuxian Basin[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2023, 42(01): 46-60.
图1 吉家庄旧石器遗址地理位置及地貌图 a-b.蔚县盆地和吉家庄遗址地理位置Map showing the location of the Yuxian basin and Jijiazhuang site; c.吉家庄遗址及周边遗址地理位置Geomorphologic location of different site in the adjacent area of Jijiazhuang site;d. JJZ-B地点地貌景观Geomorphologic location of JJZ-B site;e. JJZ-E地点地貌景观Geomorphologic location of JJZ-E site(CJG-蔡家沟遗址;QSY-前上营遗址;JJZ-吉家庄遗址)
Fig.1 Geographic and geomorphologic location of Jijiazhuang Paleolithic site
图2 JJZ-B和JJZ-E地点的地层剖面图 a.JJZ-B地点地层剖面图Stratigraphic section of JJZ-B;b.JJZ-B地点文化层沉积特征Sedimentary feature of cultural layer at JJZ-B;c.JJZ-E地点地层剖面图Stratigraphic section of JJZ-E;d.JJZ-E地点文化层沉积特征Sedimentary feature of cultural layer at JJZ-E
Fig.2 Stratigraphic profiles of JJZ-B and JJZ-E sites
粒度分级 size classes | 遗址剖面 stratigraphic profile | 文化层 archaeological layer |
---|---|---|
中粗砂以上large than granules (d≥0.25 mm) | 2.65% | 6.70% |
细砂fine sand (0.25<d≤0.125 mm) | 4.78% | 16.10% |
极细砂very fine sand (0.125<d≤0.063 mm) | 16.85% | 26.50% |
粉砂silt (0.063<d≤0.002 mm) | 75.20% | 50.54% |
黏土clay (d<0.002mm) | 0.52% | 0.16% |
表1 JJZ-B地点地层剖面和文化层粒度占比分析
Tab.1 Percentage of the grain size analysis of stratigraphic profile and archaeological layer from JJZ-B site
粒度分级 size classes | 遗址剖面 stratigraphic profile | 文化层 archaeological layer |
---|---|---|
中粗砂以上large than granules (d≥0.25 mm) | 2.65% | 6.70% |
细砂fine sand (0.25<d≤0.125 mm) | 4.78% | 16.10% |
极细砂very fine sand (0.125<d≤0.063 mm) | 16.85% | 26.50% |
粉砂silt (0.063<d≤0.002 mm) | 75.20% | 50.54% |
黏土clay (d<0.002mm) | 0.52% | 0.16% |
图4 JJZ-B、JJZ-E地点标本分布热力图、标本三维空间分布图,不同长度石制品空间分布图 a.JJZ-B标本空间分布热力图spatial distributions and k-densities of excavated remains of JJZ-B;b.JJZ-B标本三维空间分布图the 3D distributions of remains of JJZ-B;c.JJZ-B不同大小石制品空间分布图the spatial distributions in different size of lithics from JJZ-B;d.JJZ-E标本空间分布热力图spatial distributions and k-densities of excavated remains of JJZ-E;e.JJZ-E标本三维空间分布图the 3D distributions of remains of JJZ-E;f.JJZ-E不同大小石制品空间分布图the spatial distributions in different size of lithics from JJZ-E
Fig.4 Spatial distributions and k-densities of excavated remains, the 3D distributions of remains, the spatial distributions in different size of lithics from JJZ-B and JJZ-E
图5 JJZ-B、JJZ-E出土废片长度分布图,石质标本原料饼状图,石制品风化和磨蚀等级图 a.JJZ-B和JJZ-E出土废片长度分布图the size of debitage distribution pattern from JJZ-B and JJZ-E;b.JJZ-B和JJZ-E石质标本原料饼状图:A) JJZ-B石制品,B) JJZ-B非人工痕迹石料,C)JJZ-E石制品,D)JJZ-E非人工痕迹石料the raw materials of stone remains pie chart from JJZ-B and JJZ-E: A)lithics of JJZ-B, B)unmodified pieces of JJZ-B, C)lithics of JJZ-E, D)unmodified pieces of JJZ-E;c. JJZ-B和JJZ-E石制品风化等级图the weathering stages of lithics from JJZ-B and JJZ-E;d.JJZ-B和JJZ-E石制品磨蚀等级图the abrasion stages of lithics from JJZ-B and JJZ-E
Fig.5 The size of debitage distributions pattern, the raw materials of stone remains pie chart, the stages of weathering and abrasion of lithics from JJZ-B and JJZ-E
图6 JJZ-B、JJZ-E出土标本走向、倾向分布玫瑰图,倾角分布图 (a)和(b)分别表示JJZ-B地点和JJZ-E地点的出土标本走向、倾向分布玫瑰图、倾角分布图(a) and (b) rose diagrams separately showing orientation and inclination of remains, and the diagram showing the dip distribution of remains from JJZ-B and JJZ-E;A:石质标本走向orientation of stone materials (A1:石质标本长度size of stone materials, L<4 cm; A2:石质标本长度size of stone materials, L≥4 cm);B:动物化石走向orientation of fossils;C:出土所有标本走向orientation of all remains;D:石质标本倾向inclination of stone materials (D1: 石质标本长度size of stone materials, L<4 cm,D2: 石质标本长度size of stone materials, L≥4 cm);E:动物化石倾向inclination of fossils;F:出土所有标本倾向inclination of all remains;G:石质标本倾角dip distribution of stone materials;H:动物化石倾角dip distribution of fossils;I:出土所有标本倾角dip distributions of all remains.
Fig.6 Rose diagrams showing orientation and inclination of remains, and the diagram showing the dip distributions of remains from JJZ-B and JJZ-E
地点Site | 类型Type | 个数(n) | 长度L(mm) | 质量m(g) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lmin | Lmax | 平均L(average) | mmin | mmax | 平均m(average) | 总质量m(Total) | |||
JJZ-B | 石制品 | 162 | 11 | 98 | 37.1 | 0.4 | 590 | 31.6 | 5116.4 |
砾石 | 62 | 7.2 | 121.6 | 32 | 0.2 | 769 | 36.9 | 2290.4 | |
岩块 | 15 | 18 | 85 | 39.3 | 1 | 100 | 24.9 | 373 | |
JJZ-E | 石制品 | 59 | 6.2 | 102 | 39.7 | 0.1 | 885 | 51.5 | 2989.4 |
砾石 | 355 | 5.9 | 68.9 | 14.8 | 0.1 | 99.6 | 2.4 | 836.5 | |
岩块 | 9 | 13 | 62.3 | 27.6 | 0.9 | 101.8 | 15.4 | 138.9 |
表2 JJZ-B和JJZ-E地点石质标本长度和质量统计表
Tab.2 Size and weight of stone materials from JJZ-B and JJZ-E sites
地点Site | 类型Type | 个数(n) | 长度L(mm) | 质量m(g) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lmin | Lmax | 平均L(average) | mmin | mmax | 平均m(average) | 总质量m(Total) | |||
JJZ-B | 石制品 | 162 | 11 | 98 | 37.1 | 0.4 | 590 | 31.6 | 5116.4 |
砾石 | 62 | 7.2 | 121.6 | 32 | 0.2 | 769 | 36.9 | 2290.4 | |
岩块 | 15 | 18 | 85 | 39.3 | 1 | 100 | 24.9 | 373 | |
JJZ-E | 石制品 | 59 | 6.2 | 102 | 39.7 | 0.1 | 885 | 51.5 | 2989.4 |
砾石 | 355 | 5.9 | 68.9 | 14.8 | 0.1 | 99.6 | 2.4 | 836.5 | |
岩块 | 9 | 13 | 62.3 | 27.6 | 0.9 | 101.8 | 15.4 | 138.9 |
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