内蒙古阿拉善南寺峡谷旧石器遗址再调查

doi:10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2023.0025

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

2013年对内蒙古自治区阿拉善南寺峡谷旧石器时代遗址的调查，采集到石制品33件。石制品原料均为石英岩，风化、磨蚀程度较低。初步研究显示，该遗址古人类石器技术中毛坯生产方式均采用锤击法，石制品类型包括石核、石片、断块、石器。其中石器类毛坯均为石片，根据加工类型均定为刮削器。从石器技术特征上对比，该遗址与水洞沟遗址第1、9地点石叶技术较为相似，文化面貌应属于旧石器时代晚期初段工业特点。本次发现对进一步讨论旧石器时代晚期初段古人类在西北干旱区的景观资源利用、扩散迁徙路径等具有重要学术意义。

关键词: 阿拉善, 南寺峡谷, 石制品, 石叶

Abstract:

Initial Upper Paleolithic (IUP) was first adopted to describe a transitional technological assemblage with both Middle and Upper Paleolithic characteristics. Now, the term has become an important concept in discussing modern human origins and dispersal in Eurasia. Questions about its chronology, technological variation, and population groups have been hotly debated. The Shuidonggou site complex is one of the essential IUP sites in North China, with few contemporary sites discovered and studied in adjacent areas. Here we provide a report on a new investigation in Alashan. In 2013, a survey of the Paleolithic site in the Nansi Canyon of Alashan, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, collected 33 lithic artifacts. Raw materials were quartzite, and the degree of weathering and abrasion low. Preliminary research shows that the rough production method of ancient stone technology is hammering with lithics identified as cores, flakes and chunks. Tool blanks are all flakes assessed as scrapers according to processing type. In terms of cultural appearance, the site is similar to sites 1 and 9 at Shuidonggou. Its age may be at the beginning of the Initial Upper Palaeolithic, about 40 kaBP. This discovery has crucial significance for further discussing technological diversity of Initial Upper Paleolithic and migration paths of early modern humans in Northeast Asia.

Key words: Alashan, Nansi Canyon, Lithic artifacts, Blade

中图分类号:

K871.11

彭菲, 铁卫冬, 秦彬, 王惠民, 高星. 内蒙古阿拉善南寺峡谷旧石器遗址再调查[J]. 人类学学报, 2023, 42(04): 531-539.

PENG Fei, TIE Weidong, QIN Bin, WANG Huiming, GAO Xing. New discoveries from the Nansi Canyon Paleolithic site, Inner Mongolia[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2023, 42(04): 531-539.

图/表 5

图1 南寺峡谷遗址地理位置、远景和冲积层局部 1. 地理位置Location of Nansi Canyon site；2. 远景Landscape of Nansi Canyou site (north to south)；3. 冲积层局部 Diluvium layer of Nansi Canyon site

Fig.1 Location, landscape and diluvium layer of the Nansi Canyon site

表1 南寺峡谷遗址石制品剥坯类型统计表

Tab.1 Class and frequency of stone artifacts of the Nansi Canyon site

类型Class	石核Core	石片Flake	断块Chunk	合计Total
数量(n)	3	24	6	33
比例(%)	9.1%	72.7%	18.2%	100%
加工数量(n)	/	4	/	4
加工比例(%)	/	16.7%	/	12.1%

图2 南寺峡谷遗址石核 1.13 ANS·C: 1, 盘状石核Discoid core；2.13ANS·C: 23,宽面石核Broad-faced core；3.13ANS·C: 34,盘状石核Discoid core

Fig.2 Cores from the Nansi Canyon site

图3 南寺峡谷遗址石片 1. 13ANS·C:11，带有石核边缘的长石片éclat débordant；2. 13ANS·C:15，石叶Blade；3. 13ANS·C:5，石片Flakes；4. 13ANS·C:14，石片Flakes；5. 13ANS·C:18，石片Flakes

Fig.3 Flakes from the Nansi Canyon site

图4 修理产品 1-3. 13ANS·C:6, 13ANS·C:24, 13ANS·C:32, 单刃边刮器 Simple sidescraper；4. 13ANS·C:33, 双刃边刮器Double sidescraper

Fig.4 Retouched pieces

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