河南淅川下寨遗址人骨的C和N稳定同位素

doi:10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2023.0064

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

河南淅川下寨遗址史前人骨遗存的碳氮稳定同位素分析结果揭示了不同时期史前先民的食谱特征。仰韶晚期先民（δ¹³C=-10.2±1.4‰, δ¹⁵N=9.4±0.5‰, n=19）以粟黍为主粮，与同时期中原先民相似；石家河文化时期先民（δ¹³C=-13.6±2.1‰, δ¹⁵N=9.5±0.9‰, n=28）呈现稻粟黍混合的食谱特征，水稻与旱地作物的氮同位素特征差异导致先民食谱特征内部出现明显差异；龙山晚期和二里头时期先民δ¹³C平均值为-9.9±1.2‰ (n=21)，表明粟黍重新成为当地主粮，食谱特征的内部差异也明显降低。这种现象说明，文化变迁深刻地影响了当地的农作物体系和先民食物结构。粟黍和水稻在先民食谱中的地位变化也反映了黄河流域文化与长江流域文化对该地区的交替影响。

关键词: 淅川下寨, 仰韶, 石家河, 龙山, 稳定同位素分析

Abstract:

Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis of human remains from the Xiazhai site revealed dietary features of pre-history populations dated to different periods. The Late-Yangshao individuals (δ¹³C=-10.2±1.4‰, δ¹⁵N=9.4±0.5‰, n=19) ate a millet-based diet similar to that of the contemporary people on the Central Plains. On the same site, the Shijiahe people (δ¹³C=-13.6±2.1‰, δ¹⁵N=9.5±0.9‰, n=28) ate both millet and rice, and their dietary features displayed evident variation because of the different nitrogen isotopic features between rice and dry crops. Millet played the role of main staple food again during the Late-Longshan and Erlitou period (mean δ¹³C=-9.9±1.2‰, n=21). These results indicate that cultural transition had significantly affected the local agricultural system and human diet. The changing roles of millet and rice also reflect the alternating influences from the Yellow River culture and the Yangtze River culture.

Key words: Xichuan Xiazhai, Yangshao, Shijiahe, Longshan, stable isotope analysis

中图分类号:

Q987

周立刚, 曹艳朋, 楚小龙, 孙蕾. 河南淅川下寨遗址人骨的C和N稳定同位素[J]. 人类学学报, 2024, 43(03): 405-414.

ZHOU Ligang, CAO Yanpeng, CHU Xiaolong, SUN Lei. C and N stable isotopes of human remains from the Xiazhai site of Xichuan, Henan Province[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2024, 43(03): 405-414.

图/表 6

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年代Date	编号Sample No.	性别Sex	年龄Age	δ¹³C(‰)	C%	δ¹⁵N(‰)	N%	胶原产出Collagen yield	C/N
仰韶晚期Late Yangshao	M67	男?	20±	-9.6‰	40.0%	9.4‰	14.2%	3.5%	3.3
仰韶晚期Late Yangshao	M68	不详	成年	-9.7‰	42.1%	9.6‰	15.3%	3.8%	3.2
	M71	不详	成年	-9.8‰	42.0%	10.3‰	15.2%	2.4%	3.2
	M108	男?	35±	-9.2‰	41.8%	8.7‰	15.0%	2.1%	3.2
	M115	男?	50~55	-12.2‰	43.0%	10.5‰	15.4%	4.0%	3.3
	M128	不详	成年	-9.1‰	41.9%	8.4‰	15.0%	2.8%	3.3
	M129	男	35~40	-9.9‰	40.5%	9.6‰	14.5%	1.8%	3.3
	M132	不详	成年	-9.6‰	42.6%	9.4‰	15.2%	3.0%	3.3
	M138	不详	25~30	-9.5‰	42.3%	9.5‰	15.0%	2.9%	3.3
	M143	男?	成年	-9.3‰	41.7%	9.4‰	15.3%	4.0%	3.2
	M146	不详	成年	-9.7‰	44.6%	9.6‰	15.9%	4.7%	3.3
	M149	不详	成年	-9.3‰	42.1%	9.4‰	15.2%	3.8%	3.2
	M152	男	35~40	-9.1‰	41.8%	9.6‰	15.1%	3.8%	3.2
	M156	男	35±	-9.6‰	43.4%	9.9‰	15.4%	4.1%	3.3
	M179	男	成年	-12.3‰	42.7%	9.2‰	15.3%	3.1%	3.2
	M182	男	25~30	-14.5‰	43.1%	8.9‰	15.5%	1.1%	3.2
	M209	不详	25~30	-9.9‰	42.1%	8.6‰	15.0%	2.9%	3.3
	M212	男?	25±	-10.7‰	41.4%	9.1‰	15.1%	1.3%	3.2
	M213	女	35±	-11.3‰	42.5%	9.3‰	15.1%	4.1%	3.3
石家河Shijiahe	M86	不详	35±	-11.2‰	42.9%	8.8‰	15.5%	9.0%	3.2
	M123	女?	成年	-13.0‰	39.9%	9.1‰	14.4%	6.7%	3.2
	M124	男?	35±	-14.8‰	44.4%	9.5‰	16.2%	2.0%	3.2
	M126	男	40±	-12.9‰	39.8%	9.4‰	14.3%	10.8%	3.2
	M135	女	50±	-11.8‰	42.0%	8.7‰	15.5%	7.1%	3.2
	M137	男?	35~40	-14.0‰	43.9%	9.1‰	15.7%	8.9%	3.3
	M154	不详	8±	-13.6‰	42.9%	8.3‰	15.2%	5.0%	3.3
	M185	男	40±	-9.7‰	42.6%	8.8‰	15.4%	4.6%	3.2
	M187	不详	25±	-16.0‰	41.8%	10.3‰	14.8%	4.3%	3.3
	M190	女?	30±	-16.0‰	42.6%	10.3‰	15.2%	5.7%	3.3
	M191	不详	不详	-15.1‰	42.5%	9.9‰	15.3%	6.2%	3.3
	M193	不详	20±	-14.0‰	41.5%	9.3‰	14.8%	5.1%	3.3
	M194	不详	25±	-13.0‰	28.9%	9.5‰	10.5%	1.0%	3.2
	M196	不详	不详	-11.3‰	42.2%	7.9‰	15.3%	8.5%	3.2
	M198	不详	成年	-15.6‰	41.0%	10.4‰	15.0%	14.6%	3.2
	M200	不详	成年	-12.6‰	42.7%	9.5‰	15.5%	12.2%	3.2
	M201	不详	成年	-13.3‰	42.6%	9.6‰	15.3%	4.7%	3.2
	M203	男	20±	-17.3‰	42.9%	10.3‰	15.2%	3.9%	3.3
	M214	男	40±	-12.5‰	42.8%	8.7‰	15.5%	6.1%	3.2
	M215	女	35±	-14.1‰	42.4%	9.7‰	15.5%	7.1%	3.2
	M232	女	45±	-9.5‰	43.4%	7.9‰	15.5%	10.9%	3.3
	M239	男	60+	-10.1‰	41.7%	8.6‰	15.1%	6.9%	3.2
	M66	男?	25±	-13.8‰	60.1%	11.2‰	21.7%	7.5%	3.2
	M69	女?	30±	-18.7‰	42.4%	10.2‰	15.4%	3.6%	3.2
	M145	不详	成年	-13.4‰	42.3%	10.1‰	15.3%	2.6%	3.2
	M207	男	45~50	-14.5‰	42.5%	10.9‰	15.3%	3.4%	3.2
	M216	男	30±	-13.8‰	43.6%	9.4‰	15.2%	2.0%	3.3
	M218	男	45±	-15.8‰	42.5%	11.2‰	15.5%	2.2%	3.2

年代Date	编号Sample No.	性别Sex	年龄Age	δ¹³C(‰)	C%	δ¹⁵N(‰)	N%	胶原产出Collagen yield	C/N
仰韶晚期Late Yangshao	M67	男?	20±	-9.6‰	40.0%	9.4‰	14.2%	3.5%	3.3
仰韶晚期Late Yangshao	M68	不详	成年	-9.7‰	42.1%	9.6‰	15.3%	3.8%	3.2
	M71	不详	成年	-9.8‰	42.0%	10.3‰	15.2%	2.4%	3.2
	M108	男?	35±	-9.2‰	41.8%	8.7‰	15.0%	2.1%	3.2
	M115	男?	50~55	-12.2‰	43.0%	10.5‰	15.4%	4.0%	3.3
	M128	不详	成年	-9.1‰	41.9%	8.4‰	15.0%	2.8%	3.3
	M129	男	35~40	-9.9‰	40.5%	9.6‰	14.5%	1.8%	3.3
	M132	不详	成年	-9.6‰	42.6%	9.4‰	15.2%	3.0%	3.3
	M138	不详	25~30	-9.5‰	42.3%	9.5‰	15.0%	2.9%	3.3
	M143	男?	成年	-9.3‰	41.7%	9.4‰	15.3%	4.0%	3.2
	M146	不详	成年	-9.7‰	44.6%	9.6‰	15.9%	4.7%	3.3
	M149	不详	成年	-9.3‰	42.1%	9.4‰	15.2%	3.8%	3.2
	M152	男	35~40	-9.1‰	41.8%	9.6‰	15.1%	3.8%	3.2
	M156	男	35±	-9.6‰	43.4%	9.9‰	15.4%	4.1%	3.3
	M179	男	成年	-12.3‰	42.7%	9.2‰	15.3%	3.1%	3.2
	M182	男	25~30	-14.5‰	43.1%	8.9‰	15.5%	1.1%	3.2
	M209	不详	25~30	-9.9‰	42.1%	8.6‰	15.0%	2.9%	3.3
	M212	男?	25±	-10.7‰	41.4%	9.1‰	15.1%	1.3%	3.2
	M213	女	35±	-11.3‰	42.5%	9.3‰	15.1%	4.1%	3.3
石家河Shijiahe	M86	不详	35±	-11.2‰	42.9%	8.8‰	15.5%	9.0%	3.2
	M123	女?	成年	-13.0‰	39.9%	9.1‰	14.4%	6.7%	3.2
	M124	男?	35±	-14.8‰	44.4%	9.5‰	16.2%	2.0%	3.2
	M126	男	40±	-12.9‰	39.8%	9.4‰	14.3%	10.8%	3.2
	M135	女	50±	-11.8‰	42.0%	8.7‰	15.5%	7.1%	3.2
	M137	男?	35~40	-14.0‰	43.9%	9.1‰	15.7%	8.9%	3.3
	M154	不详	8±	-13.6‰	42.9%	8.3‰	15.2%	5.0%	3.3
	M185	男	40±	-9.7‰	42.6%	8.8‰	15.4%	4.6%	3.2
	M187	不详	25±	-16.0‰	41.8%	10.3‰	14.8%	4.3%	3.3
	M190	女?	30±	-16.0‰	42.6%	10.3‰	15.2%	5.7%	3.3
	M191	不详	不详	-15.1‰	42.5%	9.9‰	15.3%	6.2%	3.3
	M193	不详	20±	-14.0‰	41.5%	9.3‰	14.8%	5.1%	3.3
	M194	不详	25±	-13.0‰	28.9%	9.5‰	10.5%	1.0%	3.2
	M196	不详	不详	-11.3‰	42.2%	7.9‰	15.3%	8.5%	3.2
	M198	不详	成年	-15.6‰	41.0%	10.4‰	15.0%	14.6%	3.2
	M200	不详	成年	-12.6‰	42.7%	9.5‰	15.5%	12.2%	3.2
	M201	不详	成年	-13.3‰	42.6%	9.6‰	15.3%	4.7%	3.2
	M203	男	20±	-17.3‰	42.9%	10.3‰	15.2%	3.9%	3.3
	M214	男	40±	-12.5‰	42.8%	8.7‰	15.5%	6.1%	3.2
	M215	女	35±	-14.1‰	42.4%	9.7‰	15.5%	7.1%	3.2
	M232	女	45±	-9.5‰	43.4%	7.9‰	15.5%	10.9%	3.3
	M239	男	60+	-10.1‰	41.7%	8.6‰	15.1%	6.9%	3.2
	M66	男?	25±	-13.8‰	60.1%	11.2‰	21.7%	7.5%	3.2
	M69	女?	30±	-18.7‰	42.4%	10.2‰	15.4%	3.6%	3.2
	M145	不详	成年	-13.4‰	42.3%	10.1‰	15.3%	2.6%	3.2
	M207	男	45~50	-14.5‰	42.5%	10.9‰	15.3%	3.4%	3.2
	M216	男	30±	-13.8‰	43.6%	9.4‰	15.2%	2.0%	3.3
	M218	男	45±	-15.8‰	42.5%	11.2‰	15.5%	2.2%	3.2

遗址Site	样本数量Samples(n)	δ¹³C	δ¹⁵N	参考文献Reference
郑州西山Xishan in Zhengzhou	39	-8.2‰±1.5‰	9.0‰±0.8‰	[23]
灵宝西坡Xipo in Lingbao	31	-9.7‰±1.1‰	9.4‰±1.0‰	[23]
淅川下寨Xiazhai in Xichuan	19	-10.2‰±1.4‰	9.4‰±0.5‰
淅川沟湾Gouwan in Xichuan	7	-14.5‰±1.9‰	8.6‰±0.7‰	[24]

遗址Site	样本数量Samples(n)	δ¹³C	δ¹⁵N	参考文献Reference
郑州西山Xishan in Zhengzhou	39	-8.2‰±1.5‰	9.0‰±0.8‰	[23]
灵宝西坡Xipo in Lingbao	31	-9.7‰±1.1‰	9.4‰±1.0‰	[23]
淅川下寨Xiazhai in Xichuan	19	-10.2‰±1.4‰	9.4‰±0.5‰
淅川沟湾Gouwan in Xichuan	7	-14.5‰±1.9‰	8.6‰±0.7‰	[24]

遗存年代Date of remains	样本Samples(n)	δ¹³C	δ¹⁵N
仰韶晚期LateYangshao period	19	-10.2‰±1.4‰	9.4‰±0.5‰
石家河文化时期Shijiahe period	28	-13.6‰±2.1‰	9.5‰±0.9‰
龙山晚期到二里头Late Longshan to Erlitou period^[21]	21	-9.9‰±1.2‰	8.2‰±0.7‰