古代义齿修复技术研究的回顾与展望

doi:10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2023.0069

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

义齿修复技术的出现与发展在人类口腔医学史中具有重要的意义。我国古代义齿修复的信息史料匮乏，相关的实物研究更是十分稀少。相比较而言，国外公布的案例具有周期长、范围广、数量多、信息完备等特点。考虑到国内尚未有学者对世界范围内的古代义齿修复案例作出综合论述，本文对已公布的案例进行区域性的梳理回顾，阐述相关修复器具的制作用途、齿冠或植入物的形态及原料、配套矫治器的材质及构造、相关研究成果及争议等；并结合地中海周边民族的历史背景与相关文献资料，厘清修复技术的起源及区域间可能的传播路线，从具体构造和修复技巧的角度比较不同人群修复器具的异同，探讨地中海区域古代义齿修复技术的内在演化规律及古今演化对照。

关键词: 牙科医学, 义齿, 修复

Abstract:

The emergence and development of ancient denture restoration technology is of great significance in the history of human stomatology. However, the reports of ancient denture restoration cases in China depend on the lack of historical records, and related physical research is very rare. In comparison, the cases published abroad have the characteristics of a long cycle, wide range, large quantity, complete information and so on. Considering that no domestic scholars have made a comprehensive discussion on the cases of ancient denture restoration in the world, the purpose of this paper is to review the published cases regionally. In this paper, the manufacturing purpose of related prosthetic appliances, the shape and raw materials of crowns or implants, the materials and structures of supporting appliances, related research results and disputes are expounded. Combining the historical background of various ethnic groups around the Mediterranean and related literature, the origin and possible transmission routes of prosthetic technologies between regions are clarified. The similarities and differences of prosthetic appliances among different groups are compared from the perspective of specific structures and prosthetic skills, and the internal evolution law of ancient denture restoration technology in the Mediterranean region and the comparison between ancient and modern evolution are discussed.

Key words: Dentistry, Denture, Restoration

中图分类号:

Q983.8

王舒, 王春雪, 周亚威, 班琳, 董晗. 古代义齿修复技术研究的回顾与展望[J]. 人类学学报, 2024, 43(03): 502-517.

WANG Shu, WANG Chunxue, ZHOU Yawei, BAN Lin, DONG Han. Progresses and perspectives on ancient denture restoration technology[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2024, 43(03): 502-517.

图/表 6

图1 正文中论及案例的地理位置图注：伊特鲁里亚群详细图（意大利中西部托斯卡纳大区）引自参考文献[25]

Fig.1 Geographical location map of the case discussed in the text

图2 古埃及义齿修复标本 a.吉萨牙桥Giza Bridge[37]；b.正确齿列的el-Qatta牙桥el-Qatta Bridge with correct dentition[29]；c.Tura el-Asmant牙桥Tura el-Asmant Bridge[29]；d.亚历山大牙桥复原图restoration of Alexandria Bridge[29]；e.Gebel贝壳质仿牙物品dental imitation items made of seashells[47]

Fig.2 Specimens of ancient Egyptian denture restoration

图3 伊特鲁里亚义齿修复标本 a. Satricum矫治器Satricum appliance；b. Barrett I矫治器Barrett I appliance；c. Corneto II矫治器Corneto II appliance；d. 典型标本-Poggio Gaiella矫治器typical specimen-Poggio Gaiella appliance；e. 典型标本-Liverpool II矫治器舌侧观typical specimen-lingual view of Liverpool II appliance；f. 典型标本-Liverpool II矫治器咬合面观typical specimen-occlusal view of Liverpool II appliance

Fig.3 Specimens of Etruscan denture restoration[25]

图4 地中海民族义齿修复标本 a. 腓尼基Gaillardot矫治器舌侧观lingual view of Gaillardot appliance in ancient Phoenician[66]；b. 腓尼基Gaillardot矫治器颊侧观复原图restoration of buccal view of Gaillardot appliance in ancient Phoenician[25]；c. 腓尼基Torrey矫治器颊侧观buccal view of Torrey appliance in ancient Phoenician[10]；d. 古希腊Eretria矫治器颊侧观buccal view of Eretria appliance in ancient Greek[10]；e. 古希腊Eretria矫治器舌侧观(Becker复原图，未穿孔）lingual view of Eretria appliance in ancient Greek (reconstruction of Becker, unperforated)[25]；f. 古罗马Collatina矫治器咬合面occlusal surface of Collatina appliance in ancient Rome[71]；g. 古罗马Collatina矫治器远中观distal view of Collatina appliance in ancient Rome[71]；h. 古罗马Collatina矫治器舌侧观lingual view of Collatina appliance in ancient Rome[71]

Fig.4 Specimens of denture restoration in Mediterranean nationality

图5 古代玛雅及其他地区的义齿修复标本 a. 古代玛雅贝壳植入物shell implants of the ancient Maya[82]；b. 法国Le Chˆene铁植入物iron implants from Le Chˆene, France[84]；c. Negav铜丝根管植入的X光影像X-ray of Negav copper wire root canal implant[85]

Fig.5 Denture restoration specimens from ancient Maya and other areas

图6 现代固定义齿修复结构图

Fig.6 Structure diagram of modern fixed denture restoration[99]

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