中国汉族、回族、蒙古族、苗族和维吾尔族的牙齿形态

doi:10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2024.0050

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究表明牙齿形态特征具有高度遗传性，在不同群体中存在明显差异。本研究针对中国汉族、回族、蒙古族、苗族和维吾尔族5个人群的牙齿形态特征，进行侧别、性别、年龄等检验，并对这5个人群与其他中国人群及日本、东北亚、东南亚、欧洲、非洲等地区人群进行多元统计分析。研究结果显示，5个人群的多数牙齿特征未见侧别和性别差异，多数牙齿特征与年龄无显著相关性。汉族、维吾尔族的铲形门齿和双铲形门齿出现率较高及Y型沟纹出现率偏低与东北亚人群相似；苗族的铲形门齿和双铲形门齿出现率也偏高；蒙古族、回族的铲形门齿和双铲形门齿出现率较低与东南亚人群相似；维吾尔族的四尖型出现率较高与欧洲人群相似。多元统计分析结果证实蒙古人种牙齿复合体及巽他型齿、中国型齿是客观存在的。

关键词: 牙齿形态, 特征, 人类学, 汉族, 少数民族

Abstract:

Studies showed that the dental morphological traits are mostly controlled by multiple genes, and environmental factors have a relatively small impact on them. Therefore, there are significant distribution differences in different geographical or ethnic groups. The formation of these differences is closely related to the origin and evolution of populations or ethnic groups in different regions, as well as the communication and integration between populations. It is of great significance for revealing the origin and evolution of populations and the relationships between populations. In this study, 26 dental morphological traits of Han Chinese, Hui, Mongolian, Miao, and Uyghur populations were analyzed. We conducted the side consistency analysis, gender difference analysis, correlation analysis between traits and ageto explore the characteristics of dental morphological traits in five populations. Based on the population frequency data, the dental morphological traits of the five populations were compared with other Chinese populations, Japanese populations, Northeast Asia populations, Southeast Asia populations, European populations and African populations by multivariate statistical analysis. We explored the group relationships between five Chinese populations and global populations, as well as the dental morphological traits of the five populations. Our results showed that there was no difference between left and right sides in most dental morphological traits of the five populations, no gender difference in all traits, most dental traits showed no significant correlation with age. Multivariate statistical analysis revealed that results confirmed that there objectively exist two types of dental features called Sundadonty and Sinodonty. The Han Chinese in Taizhou belongs to Northeast Asia populations, and has a high frequency of Shoveling and Double Shoveling. The Miao in Guizhou is located between Northeast Asia and Southeast Asia populations, and the incidence of Shoveling is relatively high. The Mongolian in Inner Mongolia and Hui in Ningxia belong to Southeast Asian population by the principal component analysis and multidimensional scale analysis, but they are located between Northeast Asia and Southeast Asia populations, and are clustered with the Miao in Guizhou through the adjacency network diagram. The lower frequency of Shoveling and Double Shoveling of Mongolian and Hui are similar to the Southeast Asian population. The Uyghur population is located between the East Asian population, the European, and North African populations, and is closest to the Han Chinese in Taizhou. The high-frequency Shoveling, Double Shoveling, and low-frequency Y-Groove are very similar to the Northeastern Asian population, but the absolute high-frequency of the Cusp4 is similar to the European population, confirming that the Uyghur population is a typical Eurasian mixed population.

Key words: Dental Morphological, Traits, Anthropology, Han, Ethnic Minority

中图分类号:

K871

祝海歌, 乔辉, 杨晨, 管海娟, 张航, 文少卿, 夏斌, 谭婧泽. 中国汉族、回族、蒙古族、苗族和维吾尔族的牙齿形态[J]. 人类学学报, 2024, 43(04): 613-628.

ZHU Haige, QIAO Hui, YANG Chen, GUAN Haijuan, ZHANG Hang, WEN Shaoqing, XIA Bin, TAN Jingze. Teeth morphology of Han, Hui, Mongolia, Miao and Uyghur peoples in China[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2024, 43(04): 613-628.

图/表 5

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人群Populations		编号No.	铲形门齿Shoveling (I1)		双铲形门齿Double Shoveling(I1)		近中嵴Mesial Ridge (C)		卡氏尖Carabelli’s Trait (M1)		第5尖 Cusp 5 (M1)
人群Populations		编号No.	样本n	占比R	样本n	占比R	样本n	占比R	样本n	占比R	样本n	占比R
5个中国人群Five Chinese populations	泰州汉族 Taizhou Han	1	381	80%	381	29%	358	6%	381	21%	381	11%
	宁夏回族 Ningxia Hui	2	421	22%	435	7%	435	11%	435	37%	435	31%
	内蒙古蒙古族 Neimenggu Mongolia	3	390	23%	434	6%	434	8%	434	27%	434	30%
	贵州苗族 Guizhou Miao	4	256	45%	278	14%	278	7%	277	39%	274	49%
	新疆维吾尔族 Xinjiang Uyghur	5	227	39%	227	22%	227	10%	227	67%	227	7%
中国其他人群Other Chinese populations	苗族Miao^[16]	6	92	61%	94	17%	94	13%	96	10%	83	17%
	普米族Pumi^[16]	7	76	63%	84	11%	80	8%	85	22%	75	24%
	纳西族Naxi^[16]	8	92	64%	97	13%	90	11%	89	6%	87	13%
	哈尼族Hani^[16]	9	80	55%	86	15%	76	8%	90	16%	86	17%
	傣族Dai^[16]	10	89	34%	93	45%	90	0%	93	16%	93	29%
	达斡尔族Dafur^[17]	11	172	51%	172	32%	166	11%	163	36%	159	17%
	回族Hui^[18]	12	162	58%	155	47%	167	10%	157	46%	166	24%
	朝鲜族Chaoxian^[19]	13	167	69%	165	50%	166	11%	157	50%	153	27%
	满族Man^[20]	14	208	62%	200	43%	211	8%	212	34%	212	26%
	辽宁汉族Liaoning Han^[21]	15	145	57%	143	23%	147	5%	135	16%	130	20%
	布侬族Bunun^[22]	16	95	77%	90	42%	86	7%	94	47%	90	36%
	阿美人Ami^[23]	17	146	71%	141	33%	135	6%	146	42%	138	26%
	雅美人Yami^[23]	18	192	70%	191	23%	155	10%	197	37%	192	41%
	中国蒙古族China Mongolia 1^[11]	19	542	72%	545	29%	615	3%	774	16%	633	24%
	中国蒙古族China Mongolia 2^[2]	20	200	84%	213	30%	255	2%	374	30%	295	28%
	香港Hong Kong^[2]	21	307	64%	299	28%	305	3%	301	38%	276	22%
	华南South China^[2]	22	35	74%	33	24%	55	4%	99	25%	62	16%
	史前台湾Prehistric Taiwan^[2]	23	22	59%	21	0%	10	0%	15	33%	9	22%
日本人群 Japanese populations	现代日本Recent Japan 1^[11]	24	276	66%	267	20%	365	3%	458	15%	390	20%
	现代日本Recent Japan 2^[2]	25	276	66%	267	19%	365	3%	458	31%	390	20%
	绳文Jomon 1^[11]	26	117	26%	138	1%	136	2%	181	2%	146	32%
	绳文Jomon 2^[2]	27	117	26%	138	1%	136	2%	181	8%	146	32%
东北亚人群Northeast Asia populations	贝加尔湖Lake Baikal^[2]	28	13	92%	10	50%	16	6%	10	30%	3	67%
东北亚人群Northeast Asia populations	阿穆尔Amur^[2]	29	16	69%	18	44%	27	11%	60	27%	42	21%
东南亚人群 Southeast Asia populations	巴厘岛Bali^[24]	30	172	25%	169	12%	173	2%	169	59%	168	29%
	菲律宾Philippines^[2]	31	54	43%	29	17%	76	3%	146	37%	132	27%
	泰国Thailand^[2]	32	127	37%	111	9%	143	8%	179	40%	143	29%
	缅甸Burma^[2]	33	15	13%	13	0%	33	6%	93	30%	72	33%
	尼泊尔Nepal^[2]	34	10	20%	11	9%	17	0%	50	26%	50	32%
	史前东南亚Early Southeast Asia 1^[11]	35	184	31%	182	16%	235	6%	262	19%	328	32%
	史前东南亚Early Mainland SE Asia 2^[2]	36	99	32%	100	10%	120	3%	140	37%	132	37%
东南亚人群 Southeast Asia populations	现代东南亚Recent Southeast Asia 1^[11]	37	261	35%	199	12%	366	6%	701	21%	581	31%
	现代东南亚Recent SE Asia 2^[2]	38	13	46%	14	29%	39	3%	93	42%	74	14%
	现代印尼-马来西亚Recent Indomalaysia^[2]	39	49	24%	36	11%	82	6%	207	46%	177	36%
	史前马来群岛Early Malay Archipelago^[2]	40	71	30%	67	28%	103	10%	100	23%	90	24%
	东马来群岛East Malay Archipelago^[2]	41	12	8%	3	0%	16	6%	28	50%	22	45%
欧洲人群 European populations	西欧Western Europe^[11]	42	186	3%	184	4%	230	4%	249	27%	238	12%
欧洲人群 European populations	北欧Northern Europe^[11]	43	46	2%	100	5%	125	0%	138	18%	140	26%
非洲人群 African populations	北非North Africa^[11]	44	194	8%	175	9%	261	6%	200	20%	357	19%
	西非West Africa^[11]	45	41	7%	39	3%	55	29%	61	21%	48	63%
	南非South Africa^[11]	46	220	9%	282	2%	398	13%	246	11%	439	22%
	科伊桑Khoisan^[11]	47	155	13%	79	0%	77	35%	155	17%	66	35%

人群Populations		编号No.	铲形门齿Shoveling (I1)		双铲形门齿Double Shoveling(I1)		近中嵴Mesial Ridge (C)		卡氏尖Carabelli’s Trait (M1)		第5尖 Cusp 5 (M1)
人群Populations		编号No.	样本n	占比R	样本n	占比R	样本n	占比R	样本n	占比R	样本n	占比R
5个中国人群Five Chinese populations	泰州汉族 Taizhou Han	1	381	80%	381	29%	358	6%	381	21%	381	11%
	宁夏回族 Ningxia Hui	2	421	22%	435	7%	435	11%	435	37%	435	31%
	内蒙古蒙古族 Neimenggu Mongolia	3	390	23%	434	6%	434	8%	434	27%	434	30%
	贵州苗族 Guizhou Miao	4	256	45%	278	14%	278	7%	277	39%	274	49%
	新疆维吾尔族 Xinjiang Uyghur	5	227	39%	227	22%	227	10%	227	67%	227	7%
中国其他人群Other Chinese populations	苗族Miao^[16]	6	92	61%	94	17%	94	13%	96	10%	83	17%
	普米族Pumi^[16]	7	76	63%	84	11%	80	8%	85	22%	75	24%
	纳西族Naxi^[16]	8	92	64%	97	13%	90	11%	89	6%	87	13%
	哈尼族Hani^[16]	9	80	55%	86	15%	76	8%	90	16%	86	17%
	傣族Dai^[16]	10	89	34%	93	45%	90	0%	93	16%	93	29%
	达斡尔族Dafur^[17]	11	172	51%	172	32%	166	11%	163	36%	159	17%
	回族Hui^[18]	12	162	58%	155	47%	167	10%	157	46%	166	24%
	朝鲜族Chaoxian^[19]	13	167	69%	165	50%	166	11%	157	50%	153	27%
	满族Man^[20]	14	208	62%	200	43%	211	8%	212	34%	212	26%
	辽宁汉族Liaoning Han^[21]	15	145	57%	143	23%	147	5%	135	16%	130	20%
	布侬族Bunun^[22]	16	95	77%	90	42%	86	7%	94	47%	90	36%
	阿美人Ami^[23]	17	146	71%	141	33%	135	6%	146	42%	138	26%
	雅美人Yami^[23]	18	192	70%	191	23%	155	10%	197	37%	192	41%
	中国蒙古族China Mongolia 1^[11]	19	542	72%	545	29%	615	3%	774	16%	633	24%
	中国蒙古族China Mongolia 2^[2]	20	200	84%	213	30%	255	2%	374	30%	295	28%
	香港Hong Kong^[2]	21	307	64%	299	28%	305	3%	301	38%	276	22%
	华南South China^[2]	22	35	74%	33	24%	55	4%	99	25%	62	16%
	史前台湾Prehistric Taiwan^[2]	23	22	59%	21	0%	10	0%	15	33%	9	22%
日本人群 Japanese populations	现代日本Recent Japan 1^[11]	24	276	66%	267	20%	365	3%	458	15%	390	20%
	现代日本Recent Japan 2^[2]	25	276	66%	267	19%	365	3%	458	31%	390	20%
	绳文Jomon 1^[11]	26	117	26%	138	1%	136	2%	181	2%	146	32%
	绳文Jomon 2^[2]	27	117	26%	138	1%	136	2%	181	8%	146	32%
东北亚人群Northeast Asia populations	贝加尔湖Lake Baikal^[2]	28	13	92%	10	50%	16	6%	10	30%	3	67%
东北亚人群Northeast Asia populations	阿穆尔Amur^[2]	29	16	69%	18	44%	27	11%	60	27%	42	21%
东南亚人群 Southeast Asia populations	巴厘岛Bali^[24]	30	172	25%	169	12%	173	2%	169	59%	168	29%
	菲律宾Philippines^[2]	31	54	43%	29	17%	76	3%	146	37%	132	27%
	泰国Thailand^[2]	32	127	37%	111	9%	143	8%	179	40%	143	29%
	缅甸Burma^[2]	33	15	13%	13	0%	33	6%	93	30%	72	33%
	尼泊尔Nepal^[2]	34	10	20%	11	9%	17	0%	50	26%	50	32%
	史前东南亚Early Southeast Asia 1^[11]	35	184	31%	182	16%	235	6%	262	19%	328	32%
	史前东南亚Early Mainland SE Asia 2^[2]	36	99	32%	100	10%	120	3%	140	37%	132	37%
东南亚人群 Southeast Asia populations	现代东南亚Recent Southeast Asia 1^[11]	37	261	35%	199	12%	366	6%	701	21%	581	31%
	现代东南亚Recent SE Asia 2^[2]	38	13	46%	14	29%	39	3%	93	42%	74	14%
	现代印尼-马来西亚Recent Indomalaysia^[2]	39	49	24%	36	11%	82	6%	207	46%	177	36%
	史前马来群岛Early Malay Archipelago^[2]	40	71	30%	67	28%	103	10%	100	23%	90	24%
	东马来群岛East Malay Archipelago^[2]	41	12	8%	3	0%	16	6%	28	50%	22	45%
欧洲人群 European populations	西欧Western Europe^[11]	42	186	3%	184	4%	230	4%	249	27%	238	12%
欧洲人群 European populations	北欧Northern Europe^[11]	43	46	2%	100	5%	125	0%	138	18%	140	26%
非洲人群 African populations	北非North Africa^[11]	44	194	8%	175	9%	261	6%	200	20%	357	19%
	西非West Africa^[11]	45	41	7%	39	3%	55	29%	61	21%	48	63%
	南非South Africa^[11]	46	220	9%	282	2%	398	13%	246	11%	439	22%
	科伊桑Khoisan^[11]	47	155	13%	79	0%	77	35%	155	17%	66	35%

人群Populations		编号No.	四尖型Cusp 4 (m2)		Y型沟纹Y-Groove (m2)		第6尖Cusp 6(m1)		第7尖Cusp 7(m1)		转向皱纹Deflecting Wrinkle (m1)
人群Populations		编号No.	样本n	占比R	样本n	占比 R	样本n	占比R	样本n	占比R	样本n	占比 R
5个中国人群 Five Chinese populations	泰州汉族 Taizhou Han	1	366	36%	373	5%	357	19%	381	4%	381	15%
	宁夏回族 Ningxia Hui	2	430	24%	435	32%	424	18%	425	10%	435	8%
	内蒙古蒙古族 Neimenggu Mongolia	3	433	23%	434	17%	408	21%	416	13%	434	5%
	贵州苗族 Guizhou Miao	4	271	14%	274	15%	253	33%	267	9%	274	22%
	新疆维吾尔族 Xinjiang Uyghur	5	227	70%	227	7%	221	8%	226	8%	225	15%
中国其他人群 other Chinese populations	苗族 Miao^[16]	6	68	18%	77	10%	68	35%	89	6%	80	0%
	普米族Pumi^[16]	7	72	50%	71	4%	57	21%	77	1%	64	2%
	纳西族Naxi^[16]	8	76	34%	80	5%	64	23%	81	1%	68	1%
	哈尼族Hani^[16]	9	79	53%	79	4%	76	8%	88	3%	67	1%
	傣族Dai^[16]	10	90	49%	90	4%	86	30%	90	4%	82	1%
	达斡尔族Dafur^[17]	11	155	33%	160	4%	150	54%	157	10%	158	22%
	回族Hui^[18]	12	147	30%	153	5%	159	34%	160	8%	159	33%
	朝鲜族Chaoxian^[19]	13	160	34%	161	3%	153	40%	156	6%	152	7%
	满族Man^[20]	14	207	36%	209	3%	209	34%	208	6%	209	28%
	辽宁汉族Liaoning Han^[21]	15	112	28%	115	1%	115	41%	115	5%	107	31%
中国其他人群 Other Chinese populations	布侬族Bunun^[22]	16	85	27%	84	6%	76	47%	79	9%	70	31%
	阿美人Ami^[23]	17	144	40%	146	5%	137	34%	142	12%	122	31%
	雅美人Yami^[23]	18	141	22%	144	8%	190	46%	188	5%	188	26%
	中国蒙古族China Mongolia 1^[11]	19	639	21%	646	8%	538	36%	721	8%	343	16%
	中国蒙古族China Mongolia 2^[2]	20	258	17%	338	7%	211	37%	341	9%	89	29%
	香港Hong Kong^[2]	21	296	24%	228	7%	267	34%	295	9%	215	10%
	华南South China^[2]	22	77	19%	80	13%	60	40%	85	11%	39	18%
	史前台湾Prehistric Taiwan^[2]	23	21	19%	19	11%	15	47%	33	6%	9	44%
日本人群 Japanese populations	现代日本Recent Japan 1^[11]	24	345	14%	352	13%	314	43%	382	6%	262	15%
	现代日本Recent Japan 2^[2]	25	345	14%	352	13%	314	43%	382	7%	262	15%
	绳文Jomon 1^[11]	26	244	29%	290	32%	214	47%	285	3%	162	5%
	绳文Jomon 2^[2]	27	244	29%	290	32%	214	47%	285	5%	162	5%
东北亚人群Northeast Asia populations	贝加尔湖Lake Baikal^[2]	28	18	22%	21	5%	9	33%	21	19%	2	0%
东北亚人群Northeast Asia populations	阿穆尔Amur^[2]	29	52	12%	56	13%	44	50%	55	7%	38	39%
东南亚人群Southeast Asia populations	巴厘岛Bali^[24]	30	155	41%	51	0%	157	20%	162	8%	146	13%
	菲律宾Philippines^[2]	31	122	28%	123	13%	98	39%	129	6%	74	19%
	泰国Thailand^[2]	32	163	26%	176	19%	120	28%	178	6%	80	19%
	缅甸Burma^[2]	33	28	21%	33	6%	21	52%	35	9%	14	0%
	尼泊尔Nepal^[2]	34	28	54%	30	23%	21	43%	34	6%	14	7%
	史前东南亚Early Southeast Asia 1^[11]	35	314	32%	348	18%	248	40%	370	8%	150	22%
	史前东南亚Early Mainland SE Asia 2^[2]	36	163	39%	187	17%	136	37%	217	10%	76	32%
	现代东南亚Recent Southeast Asia 1^[11]	37	555	30%	587	18%	418	33%	588	7%	290	16%
	现代东南亚Recent SE Asia 2^[2]	38	79	32%	83	16%	61	28%	84	7%	36	19%
	现代印尼-马来西亚^[2] Recent Indomalaysia	39	134	30%	142	18%	97	36%	137	13%	66	11%
	史前马来群岛Early Malay Archipelago^[2]	40	130	25%	139	19%	99	45%	131	5%	66	11%
	东马来群岛East Malay Archipelago^[2]	41	24	46%	25	20%	18	39%	25	4%	17	0%
欧洲人群 European populations	西欧Western Europe^[11]	42	284	71%	257	27%	217	8%	291	5%	154	5%
欧洲人群 European populations	北欧Northern Europe^[11]	43	225	84%	319	21%	130	17%	179	5%	75	16%
非洲人群 African populations	北非North Africa^[11]	44	381	66%	402	31%	352	8%	414	9%	267	8%
	西非West Africa^[11]	45	75	12%	67	33%	47	45%	71	44%	30	17%
	南非South Africa^[11]	46	370	30%	392	46%	362	19%	385	27%	298	18%
	科伊桑Khoisan^[11]	47	88	7%	89	72%	85	5%	87	26%	60	17%

人群Populations		编号No.	四尖型Cusp 4 (m2)		Y型沟纹Y-Groove (m2)		第6尖Cusp 6(m1)		第7尖Cusp 7(m1)		转向皱纹Deflecting Wrinkle (m1)
人群Populations		编号No.	样本n	占比R	样本n	占比 R	样本n	占比R	样本n	占比R	样本n	占比 R
5个中国人群 Five Chinese populations	泰州汉族 Taizhou Han	1	366	36%	373	5%	357	19%	381	4%	381	15%
	宁夏回族 Ningxia Hui	2	430	24%	435	32%	424	18%	425	10%	435	8%
	内蒙古蒙古族 Neimenggu Mongolia	3	433	23%	434	17%	408	21%	416	13%	434	5%
	贵州苗族 Guizhou Miao	4	271	14%	274	15%	253	33%	267	9%	274	22%
	新疆维吾尔族 Xinjiang Uyghur	5	227	70%	227	7%	221	8%	226	8%	225	15%
中国其他人群 other Chinese populations	苗族 Miao^[16]	6	68	18%	77	10%	68	35%	89	6%	80	0%
	普米族Pumi^[16]	7	72	50%	71	4%	57	21%	77	1%	64	2%
	纳西族Naxi^[16]	8	76	34%	80	5%	64	23%	81	1%	68	1%
	哈尼族Hani^[16]	9	79	53%	79	4%	76	8%	88	3%	67	1%
	傣族Dai^[16]	10	90	49%	90	4%	86	30%	90	4%	82	1%
	达斡尔族Dafur^[17]	11	155	33%	160	4%	150	54%	157	10%	158	22%
	回族Hui^[18]	12	147	30%	153	5%	159	34%	160	8%	159	33%
	朝鲜族Chaoxian^[19]	13	160	34%	161	3%	153	40%	156	6%	152	7%
	满族Man^[20]	14	207	36%	209	3%	209	34%	208	6%	209	28%
	辽宁汉族Liaoning Han^[21]	15	112	28%	115	1%	115	41%	115	5%	107	31%
中国其他人群 Other Chinese populations	布侬族Bunun^[22]	16	85	27%	84	6%	76	47%	79	9%	70	31%
	阿美人Ami^[23]	17	144	40%	146	5%	137	34%	142	12%	122	31%
	雅美人Yami^[23]	18	141	22%	144	8%	190	46%	188	5%	188	26%
	中国蒙古族China Mongolia 1^[11]	19	639	21%	646	8%	538	36%	721	8%	343	16%
	中国蒙古族China Mongolia 2^[2]	20	258	17%	338	7%	211	37%	341	9%	89	29%
	香港Hong Kong^[2]	21	296	24%	228	7%	267	34%	295	9%	215	10%
	华南South China^[2]	22	77	19%	80	13%	60	40%	85	11%	39	18%
	史前台湾Prehistric Taiwan^[2]	23	21	19%	19	11%	15	47%	33	6%	9	44%
日本人群 Japanese populations	现代日本Recent Japan 1^[11]	24	345	14%	352	13%	314	43%	382	6%	262	15%
	现代日本Recent Japan 2^[2]	25	345	14%	352	13%	314	43%	382	7%	262	15%
	绳文Jomon 1^[11]	26	244	29%	290	32%	214	47%	285	3%	162	5%
	绳文Jomon 2^[2]	27	244	29%	290	32%	214	47%	285	5%	162	5%
东北亚人群Northeast Asia populations	贝加尔湖Lake Baikal^[2]	28	18	22%	21	5%	9	33%	21	19%	2	0%
东北亚人群Northeast Asia populations	阿穆尔Amur^[2]	29	52	12%	56	13%	44	50%	55	7%	38	39%
东南亚人群Southeast Asia populations	巴厘岛Bali^[24]	30	155	41%	51	0%	157	20%	162	8%	146	13%
	菲律宾Philippines^[2]	31	122	28%	123	13%	98	39%	129	6%	74	19%
	泰国Thailand^[2]	32	163	26%	176	19%	120	28%	178	6%	80	19%
	缅甸Burma^[2]	33	28	21%	33	6%	21	52%	35	9%	14	0%
	尼泊尔Nepal^[2]	34	28	54%	30	23%	21	43%	34	6%	14	7%
	史前东南亚Early Southeast Asia 1^[11]	35	314	32%	348	18%	248	40%	370	8%	150	22%
	史前东南亚Early Mainland SE Asia 2^[2]	36	163	39%	187	17%	136	37%	217	10%	76	32%
	现代东南亚Recent Southeast Asia 1^[11]	37	555	30%	587	18%	418	33%	588	7%	290	16%
	现代东南亚Recent SE Asia 2^[2]	38	79	32%	83	16%	61	28%	84	7%	36	19%
	现代印尼-马来西亚^[2] Recent Indomalaysia	39	134	30%	142	18%	97	36%	137	13%	66	11%
	史前马来群岛Early Malay Archipelago^[2]	40	130	25%	139	19%	99	45%	131	5%	66	11%
	东马来群岛East Malay Archipelago^[2]	41	24	46%	25	20%	18	39%	25	4%	17	0%
欧洲人群 European populations	西欧Western Europe^[11]	42	284	71%	257	27%	217	8%	291	5%	154	5%
欧洲人群 European populations	北欧Northern Europe^[11]	43	225	84%	319	21%	130	17%	179	5%	75	16%
非洲人群 African populations	北非North Africa^[11]	44	381	66%	402	31%	352	8%	414	9%	267	8%
	西非West Africa^[11]	45	75	12%	67	33%	47	45%	71	44%	30	17%
	南非South Africa^[11]	46	370	30%	392	46%	362	19%	385	27%	298	18%
	科伊桑Khoisan^[11]	47	88	7%	89	72%	85	5%	87	26%	60	17%