广西壮族、汉族大学生体质现状及其影响因素

doi:10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2024.0052

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解壮族、汉族大学生体质健康现状及其相关影响因素，本研究收集并分析了广西某高校2018-2022年壮族、汉族新生的体质测试数据。结果显示，男生体质量低、超重和肥胖的比例高于女生，女生体质量正常的比例高于男生；壮族学生在50 m跑、立定跳远、引体向上（男）、仰卧起坐（女）项目上的表现优于汉族，但身高、体质量、肺活量、坐位体前屈的平均值低于汉族。综合来看，壮族学生素质指数高于汉族；同一民族大学生的身体素质差异，普遍表现为体质量正常组高于超重和肥胖组；多因素回归分析显示，民族和质量指数等级均是学生体质健康的影响因素。研究提示，壮族、汉族学生体质健康现状存在一定差异，应根据不同民族、不同质量指数等级学生的体质特点，采取不同干预措施以改善学生体质健康。

关键词: 民族, 大学生, 体质健康, 身体质量指数, 身体素质指数

Abstract:

According to the Eighth National Survey Report on Students’ Constitution and Health released by the Ministry of Education in September 2021, the decline in college students’ physical fitness has not been effectively curbed. To understand the current situation and differences in physical health between Zhuang and Han college students and analyze the related influencing factors, this study collected the physical fitness test data of Zhuang and Han freshmen from 2018 to 2022 in a college in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. It analyzed the grade distribution of the body mass index (BMI) of Zhuang and Han students and compared the differences in physical fitness test indicators and physical fitness index between Zhuang and Han students. The Zhuang and Han students were divided into two groups based on their BMI, and the differences in physical fitness test indicators and physical fitness index within and between the groups were compared. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to explore the influencing factors of physical health. The results indicated that the proportion of underweight, overweight, and obesity in boys was higher than that in girls, while the proportion of normal weight in girls was higher than that in boys. Zhuang students performed better than Han students in 50-meter running, standing long jump, pull-ups (for males) and sit-ups (for females), but the average values of height, weight, vital capacity, and sit-and-reach were lower than those of Han students. Generally, the physical fitness index of Zhuang students was higher than that of Han students. Within the same ethnic group, the differences in physical fitness test indicators and physical fitness index among students with different BMI levels were generally more significant in the normal weight group than in the overweight and obese groups. When comparing Zhuang and Han students with the same BMI level, the differences in physical fitness between the two ethnicities were mainly in the normal weight group. The average values of Zhuang students with a normal body mass index in standing long jump, pull-ups (for males) and sit-ups (for females) were higher than those of Han students, and the mean values of vital capacity and sit-and-reach were lower than those of the Han nationality. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that ethnicity and BMI levels were the influencing factors of students’ physical fitness and health. Compared with normal weight students, the probability of low physical fitness index scores in boys and girls decreased from obesity, overweight, to low weight. The results suggested that there were certain differences in physical fitness and health status between Zhuang and Han students. Different intervention measures should be adopted to enhance the physical fitness and health status of students in different ethnic groups and with different BMI levels.

Key words: nationality, college students, physical health, body mass index, physical fitness index

中图分类号:

Q984

马福维, 韦经富, 黄秀峰, 王长丽, 叶广彬, 周敏, 宾晓芸. 广西壮族、汉族大学生体质现状及其影响因素[J]. 人类学学报, 2024, 43(04): 638-647.

MA Fuwei, WEI Jingfu, HUANG Xiufeng, WANG Changli, YE Guangbin, ZHOU Min, BIN Xiaoyun. Current physical status and related influencing factors of Zhuang and Han college students in Guangxi[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2024, 43(04): 638-647.

图/表 5

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性别Gender	分组Groups	人数Number	体质量正常NW		体质量低UW		超重OW		肥胖OB		χ²	P
性别Gender	分组Groups	人数Number	数量n	比例%	数量n	比例%	数量n	比例%	数量n	比例%
总体Total	男生Male	4320	3030	70.14%	449^#	10.39%	591^#	13.68%	250^#	5.79%	391.975	＜0.001
	女生Female	9342	7783	83.31%	753	8.06%	640	6.85%	166	1.78%
男生Male	壮族Zhuang	2096	1515	72.28%	211	10.06%	268	12.79%	102^*	4.87%	11.423	0.010
	汉族Han	2224	1515	68.12%	238	10.71%	323	14.52%	148	6.65%
女生Female	壮族Zhuang	5126	4279	83.48%	439	8.56%	329	6.42%	79	1.54%	10.268	0.016
	汉族Han	4216	3504	83.11%	314	7.45%	311	7.38%	87	2.06%

性别Gender	分组Groups	人数Number	体质量正常NW		体质量低UW		超重OW		肥胖OB		χ²	P
性别Gender	分组Groups	人数Number	数量n	比例%	数量n	比例%	数量n	比例%	数量n	比例%
总体Total	男生Male	4320	3030	70.14%	449^#	10.39%	591^#	13.68%	250^#	5.79%	391.975	＜0.001
	女生Female	9342	7783	83.31%	753	8.06%	640	6.85%	166	1.78%
男生Male	壮族Zhuang	2096	1515	72.28%	211	10.06%	268	12.79%	102^*	4.87%	11.423	0.010
	汉族Han	2224	1515	68.12%	238	10.71%	323	14.52%	148	6.65%
女生Female	壮族Zhuang	5126	4279	83.48%	439	8.56%	329	6.42%	79	1.54%	10.268	0.016
	汉族Han	4216	3504	83.11%	314	7.45%	311	7.38%	87	2.06%

指标Variable	男生Male				女生Female
指标Variable	壮族Zhuang	汉族Han	t	P	壮族Zhuang	汉族Han	t	P
身高H(cm)	169.14±5.79	170.44±6.23	7.099	＜0.001	157.60±5.01	158.25±5.44	5.955	＜0.001
体质量m(kg)	60.82±10.96	62.81±12.23	5.654	＜0.001	49.70±7.47	50.79±8.51	6.531	＜0.001
体质量指数BMI(kg/m²)	21.22±3.43	21.58±3.73	3.226	0.001	19.99±2.73	20.25±2.98	4.309	＜0.001
肺活量V(ml)	3873.57±612.05	3962.62±670.02	4.567	＜0.001	2641.00±435.15	2688.13±466.91	5.005	＜0.001
50m跑50-m run(s)	7.51±0.52	7.57±0.53	3.626	＜0.001	9.24±0.60	9.30±0.62	4.087	＜0.001
立定跳远SLJ(cm)	230.11±19.87	226.48±20.05	-5.976	＜0.001	174.90±15.29	172.31±15.75	-8.027	＜0.001
坐位体前屈SR(cm)	12.04±6.53	12.58±6.68	2.672	0.010	16.64±5.90	17.15±6.00	4.138	＜0.001
1000/800m跑1000/800m-run(s)	249.52±26.20	249.58±26.39	0.070	0.940	241.73±21.09	242.24±22.55	1.135	0.257
引体向上/仰卧起坐 PU/SU(times)	5.87±4.33	4.91±4.41	-7.182	＜0.001	32.41±8.07	31.39±8.30	-5.982	＜0.001
身体素质指数PFI(I_f)	0.22±3.37	-0.21±3.39	-4.172	＜0.001	0.14±3.07	-0.17±3.39	-4.810	＜0.001

指标Variable	男生Male				女生Female
指标Variable	壮族Zhuang	汉族Han	t	P	壮族Zhuang	汉族Han	t	P
身高H(cm)	169.14±5.79	170.44±6.23	7.099	＜0.001	157.60±5.01	158.25±5.44	5.955	＜0.001
体质量m(kg)	60.82±10.96	62.81±12.23	5.654	＜0.001	49.70±7.47	50.79±8.51	6.531	＜0.001
体质量指数BMI(kg/m²)	21.22±3.43	21.58±3.73	3.226	0.001	19.99±2.73	20.25±2.98	4.309	＜0.001
肺活量V(ml)	3873.57±612.05	3962.62±670.02	4.567	＜0.001	2641.00±435.15	2688.13±466.91	5.005	＜0.001
50m跑50-m run(s)	7.51±0.52	7.57±0.53	3.626	＜0.001	9.24±0.60	9.30±0.62	4.087	＜0.001
立定跳远SLJ(cm)	230.11±19.87	226.48±20.05	-5.976	＜0.001	174.90±15.29	172.31±15.75	-8.027	＜0.001
坐位体前屈SR(cm)	12.04±6.53	12.58±6.68	2.672	0.010	16.64±5.90	17.15±6.00	4.138	＜0.001
1000/800m跑1000/800m-run(s)	249.52±26.20	249.58±26.39	0.070	0.940	241.73±21.09	242.24±22.55	1.135	0.257
引体向上/仰卧起坐 PU/SU(times)	5.87±4.33	4.91±4.41	-7.182	＜0.001	32.41±8.07	31.39±8.30	-5.982	＜0.001
身体素质指数PFI(I_f)	0.22±3.37	-0.21±3.39	-4.172	＜0.001	0.14±3.07	-0.17±3.39	-4.810	＜0.001

民族Ethnicity	BMI等级 BMI Grades(I_m)	肺活量 V(ml)	50 m跑 50-m run(s)	立定跳远 SLR(cm)	坐位体前屈 SR(cm)	1000 m跑 1000m-run(s)	引体向上 PU(times)	身体素质指数PFI(I_f)
壮族	体质量正常NW	3860.97±569.59^*	9.27±0.61^*	232.60±18.66^**	12.64±6.41^*	245.00±22.87	6.56±4.22^**	0.91±3.01^*
Zhuang	体质量低UW	3523.46±518.50^a	9.32±0.57^a	231.24±21.41^*	10.16±6.35^a	249.59±20.75^a	6.63±3.96^**	-0.01±3.04^a
	超重OW	4026.87±694.12^a**	9.47±0.60^a*	223.34±19.27^a**	11.25±6.25^a	258.72±27.22^a	3.30±3.64^a**	-1.43±3.12^a*
	肥胖OB	4382.06±701.66^a	9.80±0.73^a	208.51±18.69^a	9.05±7.50^a	292.39±34.03^a	0.79±1.44^a	-5.16±3.28^a
	F	56.452	62.921	64.012	18.988	140.481	107.578	158.361
	P	＜0.001	＜0.001	＜0.001	＜0.001	＜0.001	＜0.001	＜0.001
汉族	体质量正常NW	3915.51±633.18	7.47±0.51	230.09±18.91	13.17±6.73	244.04±22.61	5.80±4.48	0.65±3.09
Han	体质量低UW	3592.36±543.47^a	7.60±0.43^a	226.63±18.55^a	10.78±6.36^a	249.11±18.20^a	5.39±3.72	-0.42±2.48^a
	超重OW	4225.10±692.02^a	7.73±0.51^a	219.00±18.68^a	11.98±6.26^a	260.39±26.41^a	2.33±3.18^a	-1.98±2.99^a
	肥胖OB	4467.45±693.96^a	8.11±0.54^a	205.51±19.54^a	10.66±6.60^a	283.36±38.55^a	0.70±1.38^a	-4.81±3.11^a
	F	78.728	86.599	96.256	14.936	144.578	120.174	193.478
	P	＜0.001	＜0.001	＜0.001	＜0.001	＜0.001	＜0.001	＜0.001