不同运动项目大学生骨密度差异分析

doi:10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2024.0066

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文通过比较分析不同运动项目大学生骨密度的差异，证实运动可以有效地提升大学生的骨密度。在郑州市5所高校共招募研究对象500人，根据其运动专项分别命名篮球组、排球组、足球组、羽毛球组、乒乓球组、网球组、健美操组、体育舞蹈组、武术组和对照组，各组均为50人，男女各半。采用双能X射线测量其第1-4腰椎椎体(L1-L4)、髋部的股骨颈和全髋的骨密度。结果显示，各组骨密度均为男生高于女生(P<0.05)；男生和女生L1-L4和股骨颈骨密度均为篮球组、排球组、羽毛球组和健美操组高于武术组、足球组、体育舞蹈组和乒乓球组，以上各组和网球组又均高于对照组(P<0.05)；男生和女生全髋骨密度均为排球组、网球组、篮球组、羽毛球组和足球组高于武术组、体育舞蹈组和乒乓球组，以上各组和健美操组又均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结果提示，以上运动项目均能够提高大学生的骨密度；不同运动项目可能对大学生腰椎或髋部骨密度的影响程度不同，其中篮球、排球和羽毛球的影响效果相对较好。

关键词: 运动, 大学生, 骨密度, 腰椎, 髋部

Abstract:

By comparing and analyzing the differences in bone mineral density of college students in different sports, this paper confirms the effective sports for improving bone mineral density of college students. A total of 500 subjects were recruited from 5 universities in Zhengzhou city by the methods of stratified sampling and simple random sampling. According to their sports specialties, they were respectively named the basketball group, volleyball group, football group, badminton group, table tennis group, tennis group, aerobics group, sports dance group, wushu group and control group. Each group had 50 people, half male and half female. The subjects are all from Henan province and are of Han nationality. The bone mineral density of the 1-4 lumbar vertebrae (L1-L4), the femoral neck of the hip, and the whole hip were measured by dual-energy X-rays. SPSS 20.0 was used for statistical analysis of the obtained data. The comparison between genders was performed by t test of independent samples, the comparison between groups was performed by F test, and the multiple comparisons after the event were performed by the S-N-K method. The results showed that there were gender differences in bone mineral density in all groups. Specifically, the bone mineral density of L1-L4, femoral neck and total hip of male students was higher than that of female students, and the above differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The male and female L1-L4, femoral neck and total hip bone mineral density showed significant differences between groups (P<0.05). The bone mineral density of male and female L1-L4 and femoral neck in the basketball group, volleyball group, badminton group and aerobics group was higher than that in the wushu group, football group, dance sports group and table tennis group, and the above groups and the tennis group were higher than the control group (P<0.05). The total hip bone mineral density of boys and girls in the volleyball group, tennis group, basketball group, badminton group and football group was higher than that in the wushu group, sports dance group and table tennis group, and the above groups and the aerobics group were higher than the control group (P<0.05). The results suggest that basketball, volleyball, football, badminton, table tennis, tennis, aerobics, sports dance and wushu sports can improve the bone mineral density of college students, and different sports may have different effects on the bone mineral density of the lumbar spine or hip, among which basketball, volleyball and badminton have relatively better effects.

Key words: sport projects, college students, bone mineral density, lumbar vertebra, hip

中图分类号:

Q984

梁芝栋, 马盼, 梁佳芝. 不同运动项目大学生骨密度差异分析[J]. 人类学学报, 2024, 43(04): 648-656.

LIANG Zhidong, MA Pan, LIANG Jiazhi. Difference analysis of bone mineral density of college students in different sport projects[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2024, 43(04): 648-656.

图/表 4

参考文献 48

[1]	袁曦, 朱李, 王高, 等. 跑步和羽毛球运动对女大学生骨密度和相关血清指标影响的对比研究[J]. 国际检验医学杂志, 2017, 38(15): 2091-2093
[2]	郭浩. 足球或排球运动对男性大学生不同部位骨密度的影响[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2019, 40(2): 264-267
[3]	李晋平. 不同运动项目青少年运动员骨密度的比较研究[D]. 北京: 北京体育大学, 2019, 23-28
[4]	朱侨宇, 王兴. 不同运动项目对青少年运动员骨密度影响的差异分析[J]. 吉林体育学院学报, 2020, 36(4): 48-54
[5]	徐云亮. 不同球类运动对大学生上下肢骨密度及其方向性不对称的影响[J]. 人类学学报, 2021, 40(6): 1023-1031
[6]	王晓红, 周波, 张卉, 等. 不同运动项目对青少年骨密度的影响[J]. 中国骨质疏松杂志, 1997, 3(3): 37-38
[7]	Egan E, Reilly T, Giacomoni M, et al. Bone mineral density among female sports participants[J]. Bone, 2006, 38(2): 227-233 pmid: 16257279
[8]	Ubago-Guisado E, Gómez-Cabello A, Sánchez-Sánchez J, et al. Influence of different sports on bone mass in growing girls[J]. Journal of sports sciences, 2015, 33(16): 1710-1718 doi: 10.1080/02640414.2015.1004639 pmid: 25607233
[9]	Imeri B, Gheitasi M, Khaledi A, et al. Bone mineral density and content among Iranian elite male athletes in different sports[J]. Archives of Bone and Joint Surgery, 2023, 11(3): 212
[10]	Prabhu VN, Sivakumar K. Analysis of bone mineral density of different sports and games in university level players[J]. 2019, 4(1): 934-936
[11]	邹军, 章岚, 任弘, 等. 运动防治骨质疏松专家共识[J]. 中国骨质疏松杂志, 2015, 21(11): 1291-1302
[12]	程晓光, 徐文坚, 吴艳, 等. 骨质疏松的影像学与骨密度诊断专家共识[J]. 中国骨质疏松杂志, 2020, 25(8): 1-8
[13]	张萌萌, 马倩倩, 毛未贤, 等. 2067例20-89岁健康女性25(OH)D3水平影响因素及其与骨密度的相关性研究[J]. 中国妇幼保健, 2015, 30(20): 3381-3383
[14]	陈兴才, 李炎, 玉洪荣, 等. 广西少数民族成年女性骨密度的差异及年龄变化特点[J]. 解剖学报, 2018, 49(5): 683-687 doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2018.05.021
[15]	潘彦蓉, 王漫达, 袁境晗, 等. 太极拳运动对自然绝经女性骨密度的影响[J]. 四川体育科学, 2021, 40(6): 26-30
[16]	侯文秀, 严国建, 刘艳红, 等. 兰州市1907例不同年龄正常人群骨密度测定综合分析[J]. 现代生物医学进展, 2011, 11(10): 1927-1930
[17]	李生强, 谢冰颖, 谢丽华, 等. 年龄、身高、体重、身体质量指数对福州地区中老年男性骨密度的影响[J]. 中国骨质疏松杂志, 2012, 18(11): 1021-1024
[18]	车微, 杨静. 各部位体脂含量与骨密度的相关分析[J]. 山西医科大学学报, 2010, 41(4): 349-351
[19]	李丽, 陈琳, 潘凌, 等. 合并不同疾病的男性骨量异常患者骨代谢、骨密度及骨折情况研究[J]. 中国骨质疏松杂志, 2021, 27(2): 238-243
[20]	钱芊. 大学生田径运动员和普通大学生不同部位骨密度的均值比较[J]. 中国组织工程研究, 2017, 21(32): 5097-5102
[21]	郑同军, 陈岚岚, 张旭, 等. 大学生跟骨骨密度的性别差异与运动效应研究[J]. 杭州师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2017, 16(2): 213-218
[22]	陈鑫林. 运动对原发性骨质疏松症的干预与机制[J]. 中国组织工程研究, 2018, 22(8): 1294-1299
[23]	秦月勤, 张宇雨, 曹云桂. 不孕不育患者抑郁情绪与甲状腺激素、同型半胱氨酸水平的性别异质性研究[J]. 海南医学, 2021, 32(19): 2522-2525
[24]	张益多, 于凡, 刘欢. 不同性别肥胖患儿维生素D水平与营养代谢的关系[J]. 山西医科大学学报, 2021, 52(6): 789-793
[25]	孙嘉泽, 孔令韬, 汤艳清, 等. 重性抑郁障碍患者血浆胶质细胞源性神经营养因子水平的性别差异[J]. 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志, 2018, 27(11): 993-996
[26]	熊山鹰, 曾永忠. 青少年学生参与身体活动影响因素的性别及年龄特征研究[J]. 当代体育科技, 2018, 8(16): 239-241
[27]	Calendo LR, Taeymans J, Rogan S. Does muscle activation during whole-body vibration induce bone mineral density improvement in postmenopausal women?: A systematic review[J]. Sportverletzung Sportschaden: Organ der Gesellschaft fur Orthopadisch-Traumatologische Sportmedizin, 2014, 28(3): 125-131
[28]	Song FL, Jiang D, Wang T, et al. Mechanical stress regulates osteogenesis and adipogenesis of rat mesenchymal stem cells through PI3K/Akt /GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway[J]. Bio Med Research International, 2017, 9(1): 1-10
[29]	Ducher G, Prouteau S, Courteix D, et al. Cortical and trabecular bone at the forearm show different adaptation patterns in response to tennis playing[J]. Journal of clinical densitometry: the official journal of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry, 2004, 7(4): 399-405
[30]	赵常红, 李世昌, 孙朋, 等. 运动力学刺激对骨质量影响的研究进展[J]. 中国骨质疏松杂志, 2018, 24(6): 820-825
[31]	Devlin MJ. Estrogen, exercise, and the skeleton[J]. Evolutionary anthropology, 2011, 20(2): 54-61 doi: 10.1002/evan.20299 pmid: 22034104
[32]	EI Hadidy EHM, Ghonaim M, EI Gawad SSA, et al. Impact of severity,duration,and etiology of hyperthyroidism on bone turnover markers and bone mineral density in men[J]. BMC Endocr Disord, 2011, 11(1): 1-7
[33]	康小俊, 田执梁. 儿童糖皮质激素性骨质疏松的防治[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2017, 25(6): 582-584 doi: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-06-12
[34]	Papachroni KK, Karatzas DN, Papavassiliou KA, et al. Mechanotransduction in osteoblast regulation and bone disease[J]. Trends in Molecular Medicine, 2009, 15(5): 208-216 doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2009.03.001 pmid: 19362057
[35]	Matsumoto T. Osteoporosis and mechano-biosciences[J]. Clinical Calcium, 2016, 26(12): 1717 pmid: 27885183
[36]	Monroe DG, McGee-Lawrence ME, Oursler MJ, et al. Update on Wnt signaling in bone cell biology and bone disease[J]. Gene, 2012, 492(1): 1-18 doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2011.10.044 pmid: 22079544
[37]	屈雯慧. 18周体育舞蹈训练对隐性肥胖女大学生体成分及骨密度的影响[J]. 中国应用生理学杂志, 2020, 36(1): 82-84
[38]	沈华. 不同形式的健身运动和体成分对中老年女性骨密度的影响[J]. 成都体育学院学报, 2008, 34(12): 71-74
[39]	朱欢, 李荣娟, 李峰, 等. 长期气排球运动对绝经后妇女骨密度的影响[J]. 湖北师范学院学报(自然科学版), 2016, 36(1): 50-53
[40]	吉洪林, 王明伟, 潘孝贵, 等. 不同运动强度健身跑对促进女大学生骨骼健康效果的比较研究[J]. 河北体育学院学报, 2017, 31(2): 69-75
[41]	魏亚茹, 赵文艳, 杜唯, 等. 黑龙江省体育院校大学生运动项目与骨密度的相关性研究[J]. 哈尔滨体育学院学报, 2011, 29(5): 119-122
[42]	Bloomfield SA, Williams NI, Lamb DR, et al. Non-weight bearing exercise may increase lumbar spine bone mineral density in healthy postmenopausal women[J]. Am J PhysMed Re habil 1993, 6(7): 204-209
[43]	赵静, 程亮. 不同方式长期运动对老年女性骨密度的影响[J]. 中国骨质疏松杂志, 2020, 26(1): 50-53
[44]	Calbet JAL, Herrera PD, Rodriguez LP. High bone mineral density in male elite professional volleyball players[J]. Osteoporos Int, 1999, 10(6): 468-474 pmid: 10663347
[45]	李凤栓. 中学生网球运动员上肢骨密度的不对称性及其增龄性变化规律[J]. 中国骨质疏松杂志, 2019, 25(6): 758-761
[46]	Vainionpaa A, Korpelaiene R, Sievanen H, et al. Effect of impact exercise and its intensity on bonegeometry at weight-bearing tibia and femur[J]. Bone, 2007, 40(3): 604-611
[47]	Niu K, Ahola R, Guo H, et al. Effect of office-based brief high-impact exercise on bone mineral density in healthy premenopausal women: the Sendai bone health concept study[J]. Journal of bone and mineral metabolism, 2010, 28(5): 568-77 doi: 10.1007/s00774-010-0163-6 pmid: 20349354
[48]	田鑫. 短时高冲击力运动对初中生骨密度、体质及心理健康影响的实验研究[D]. 扬州: 扬州大学, 2022, 20-32

组别Groups	年龄Age(a)	身高Height(cm)	质量Mass(kg)	BMI(kg/m²)	BF%	项目时长 Training years(a)
篮球组Basketball group	20.40±0.77	177.39±3.85	70.44±4.12	22.36±1.32	18.31±1.09	2.69±0.31
排球组Volleyball group	20.55±0.34	176.79±4.04	69.81±3.95	22.30±1.27	18.14±1.21	2.56±0.28
足球组Football group	20.31±0.68	176.91±3.64	70.31±3.52	22.49±1.52	18.25±1.30	2.87±0.21
羽毛球组badminton group	20.37±0.81	176.12±3.57	69.41±3.71	22.38±1.43	18.37±1.42	2.87±0.32
乒乓球组table tennis group	20.57±0.63	176.01±3.78	69.21±3.80	22.19±1.38	18.48±1.59	2.85±0.16
网球组tennis group	20.45±0.71	176.78±3.59	69.11±4.23	22.07±1.58	18.64±1.52	2.24±0.33
健美操组 aerobics group	20.62±0.28	176.38±3.06	69.13±4.07	22.30±1.47	18.26±1.48	2.74±0.41
体育舞蹈组sports dance group	20.32±0.59	177.22±3.25	69.02±3.18	21.98±1.45	18.71±1.55	2.21±0.37
武术组wushu group	20.81±0.27	176.54±3.72	68.29±3.51	21.89±1.33	18.10±1.37	2.18±0.34
对照组control group	20.62±0.43	177.11±3.91	69.31±3.97	22.07±1.59	19.13±1.67	---
F值	0.351	1.318	1.425	1.390	1.426	1.504
P值	0.206	0.110	0.071	0.085	0.068	0.061

组别Groups	年龄Age(a)	身高Height(cm)	质量Mass(kg)	BMI(kg/m²)	BF%	项目时长 Training years(a)
篮球组Basketball group	20.40±0.77	177.39±3.85	70.44±4.12	22.36±1.32	18.31±1.09	2.69±0.31
排球组Volleyball group	20.55±0.34	176.79±4.04	69.81±3.95	22.30±1.27	18.14±1.21	2.56±0.28
足球组Football group	20.31±0.68	176.91±3.64	70.31±3.52	22.49±1.52	18.25±1.30	2.87±0.21
羽毛球组badminton group	20.37±0.81	176.12±3.57	69.41±3.71	22.38±1.43	18.37±1.42	2.87±0.32
乒乓球组table tennis group	20.57±0.63	176.01±3.78	69.21±3.80	22.19±1.38	18.48±1.59	2.85±0.16
网球组tennis group	20.45±0.71	176.78±3.59	69.11±4.23	22.07±1.58	18.64±1.52	2.24±0.33
健美操组 aerobics group	20.62±0.28	176.38±3.06	69.13±4.07	22.30±1.47	18.26±1.48	2.74±0.41
体育舞蹈组sports dance group	20.32±0.59	177.22±3.25	69.02±3.18	21.98±1.45	18.71±1.55	2.21±0.37
武术组wushu group	20.81±0.27	176.54±3.72	68.29±3.51	21.89±1.33	18.10±1.37	2.18±0.34
对照组control group	20.62±0.43	177.11±3.91	69.31±3.97	22.07±1.59	19.13±1.67	---
F值	0.351	1.318	1.425	1.390	1.426	1.504
P值	0.206	0.110	0.071	0.085	0.068	0.061

组别Groups	年龄Age(a)	身高Height(cm)	质量Mass(kg)	BMI(kg/m²)	BF%	项目时长 Training years(a)
篮球组Basketball group	20.31±0.86	167.25±3.31	60.12±3.54	21.10±1.29	20.45±1.13	2.70±0.28
排球组Volleyball group	20.46±0.74	166.79±3.29	59.53±3.21	20.94±1.35	20.24±1.07	2.42±0.24
足球组Football group	20.27±0.92	166.84±3.17	60.29±3.09	21.18±1.41	20.49±1.21	2.81±0.17
羽毛球组badminton group	20.28±0.71	166.57±3.30	59.32±3.18	20.91±1.20	20.11±1.29	2.87±0.12
乒乓球组table tennis group	20.74±0.98	166.49±3.06	59.19±3.30	20.89±1.28	20.36±1.30	2.85±0.14
网球组tennis group	20.39±0.58	166.53±3.25	59.04±3.62	20.81±1.29	20.05±1.47	2.32±0.27
健美操组aerobics group	20.54±0.67	166.48±2.87	59.09±3.15	20.84±1.25	20.34±1.40	2.51±0.24
体育舞蹈组sports dance group	20.48±0.81	166.06±3.40	59.76±4.01	21.95±1.24	20.25±1.46	2.39±0.31
武术组wushu group	20.72±0.93	166.61±3.11	59.74±3.73	21.05±1.42	20.60±1.51	2.24±0.43
对照组control group	20.53±0.56	167.11±3.23	61.27±3.92	21.11±1.39	20.51±1.35	---
F值	0.262	1.229	1.395	1.314	1.036	1.684
P值	0.217	0.103	0.084	0.097	0.112	0.072

组别Groups	年龄Age(a)	身高Height(cm)	质量Mass(kg)	BMI(kg/m²)	BF%	项目时长 Training years(a)
篮球组Basketball group	20.31±0.86	167.25±3.31	60.12±3.54	21.10±1.29	20.45±1.13	2.70±0.28
排球组Volleyball group	20.46±0.74	166.79±3.29	59.53±3.21	20.94±1.35	20.24±1.07	2.42±0.24
足球组Football group	20.27±0.92	166.84±3.17	60.29±3.09	21.18±1.41	20.49±1.21	2.81±0.17
羽毛球组badminton group	20.28±0.71	166.57±3.30	59.32±3.18	20.91±1.20	20.11±1.29	2.87±0.12
乒乓球组table tennis group	20.74±0.98	166.49±3.06	59.19±3.30	20.89±1.28	20.36±1.30	2.85±0.14
网球组tennis group	20.39±0.58	166.53±3.25	59.04±3.62	20.81±1.29	20.05±1.47	2.32±0.27
健美操组aerobics group	20.54±0.67	166.48±2.87	59.09±3.15	20.84±1.25	20.34±1.40	2.51±0.24
体育舞蹈组sports dance group	20.48±0.81	166.06±3.40	59.76±4.01	21.95±1.24	20.25±1.46	2.39±0.31
武术组wushu group	20.72±0.93	166.61±3.11	59.74±3.73	21.05±1.42	20.60±1.51	2.24±0.43
对照组control group	20.53±0.56	167.11±3.23	61.27±3.92	21.11±1.39	20.51±1.35	---
F值	0.262	1.229	1.395	1.314	1.036	1.684
P值	0.217	0.103	0.084	0.097	0.112	0.072

组别Groups	L1-L4				股骨颈femoral neck				全髋the whole hip
组别Groups	男Male	女Female	t	p	男Male	女Female	t	p	男Male	女Female	t	p
篮球Basketball	1.333±0.141	1.162±0.133	4.165	0.000	1.124±0.120	0.961±0.121	3.974	0.000	1.116±0.112	0.959±0.105	3.554	0.001
排球Volleyball	1.329±0.132	1.158±0.130	4.676	0.000	1.121±0.118	0.958±0.125	3.601	0.001	1.120±0.114	0.963±0.112	3.415	0.002
足球Football	1.307±0.129	1.136±0.134	3.781	0.001	1.104±0.102	0.941±0.112	4.824	0.000	1.114±0.110	0.957±0.104	3.634	0.001
羽毛球Badminton	1.327±0.130	1.156±0.135	3.448	0.001	1.116±0.114	0.953±0.116	3.403	0.001	1.115±0.102	0.958±0.097	3.824	0.001
乒乓球组Table tennis	1.303±0.134	1.132±0.130	3.402	0.001	1.101±0.120	0.938±0.101	3.508	0.001	1.097±0.115	0.940±0.106	5.227	0.000
网球组Tennis	1.319±0.131	1.148±0.131	5.129	0.000	1.113±0.113	0.950±0.114	3.701	0.001	1.118±0.103	0.961±0.111	3.553	0.001
健美操Aerobics group	1.325±0.137	1.154±0.135	3.561	0.001	1.114±0.115	0.951±0.109	3.655	0.001	1.110±0.120	0.953±0.104	3.498	0.001
体育舞蹈sports dance	1.306±0.128	1.135±0.122	5.667	0.000	1.103±0.097	0.940±0.099	4.161	0.000	1.101±0.104	0.943±0.088	3.662	0.001
武术Wushu	1.315±0.124	1.144±0.121	3.597	0.001	1.110±0.112	0.947±0.115	3.351	0.002	1.105±0.102	0.948±0.092	3.424	0.002
对照Control	1.217±0.131	1.001±0.124	3.272	0.002	1.012±0.095	0.899±0.097	3.112	0.003	1.020±0.092	0.903±0.084	3.395	0.002