西南丝绸之路上的旧石器文化与人群交流

doi:10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2024.0095

人类学学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (06): 979-992.doi: 10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2024.0095

西南丝绸之路上的旧石器文化与人群交流

李浩¹(), 肖培源¹^,², 彭培洺¹^,², 王雨晴¹^,², 陈清懿¹^,², Ikram QAYUM¹, 贾真秀¹, 阮齐军¹^,³, 陈发虎¹

1.中国科学院青藏高原研究所古生态与人类适应团队, 青藏高原地球系统与资源环境全国重点实验室，北京 100101
2.中国科学院大学，北京 100049
3.云南省文物考古研究所，昆明 650118

收稿日期:2024-05-27 修回日期:2024-08-28 出版日期:2024-12-15 发布日期:2024-11-28
作者简介:李浩，研究员，主要从事旧石器时代考古研究。E-mail: lihao@itpcas.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金委青藏高原地球系统基础科学中心项目(BSCTPES);国家自然科学基金委青藏高原地球系统基础科学中心项目(41988101);青藏高原地球系统与资源环境全国重点实验室开放课题(TPESER202210)

Paleolithic culture and human interactions on the Southwest Silk Road

LI Hao¹(), XIAO Peiyuan¹^,², PENG Peiming¹^,², WANG Yuqing¹^,², CHEN Qingyi¹^,², Ikram QAYUM¹, JIA Zhenxiu¹, RUAN Qijun¹^,³, CHEN Fahu¹

1. Alpine Paleoecology and Human Adaptation Group (ALPHA), State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
3. Yunnan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Kunming 650118

Received:2024-05-27 Revised:2024-08-28 Online:2024-12-15 Published:2024-11-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

西南丝绸之路是连接中国西南地区和青藏高原、东南亚大陆、南亚及中亚南部等区域的重要纽带，为理解旧石器时代古人类的迁徙扩散与文化交流提供了独特的跨区域视角。本文首先根据历史文献、现代交通网络和遥感影像等资料，重建了历史时期西南丝绸之路的复杂路网格局。在此基础上，系统总结梳理了旧石器时代中期和晚期早段西南丝绸之路上的考古发现和研究成果，探讨了不同地区古人类石器技术和文化面貌的演变过程以及潜在的人群扩散交流历史。整体来看，在旧石器时代中期和晚期早段，中国西南地区和青藏高原与亚洲东南部其他区域在石器技术和文化面貌上均存在阶段性的变化和革新；亚洲东南部不同区域之间相互连通，古老型人类和早期现代人都曾以历史时期的西南丝绸之路为主线进行迁徙和扩散。今后，在西南丝绸之路概念引导下，进一步开展跨区域比较研究，有助于深入理解和认识中国西南地区和青藏高原早期人类的演化历史。

关键词: 西南丝绸之路, 旧石器时代中期, 旧石器时代晚期早段, 古老型人类, 早期现代人

Abstract:

Southwestern Silk Road is a vital link connecting southwestern China, the Tibetan Plateau, mainland Southeast Asia, South Asia, and southern Central Asia, all of which offers a crucial cross-regional perspective on Paleolithic human migration, diffusion, and interaction. This study reconstructs the complex network of the Silk Road by examining historical documents, modern transportation networks, and remote sensing imagery. Our reconstruction indicates that the spatial pattern of the network of Southwest Silk Road was substantially affected by the regional geographical environment, and during the Paleolithic period, early hominins relied more on the natural geographic corridors and natural resources to support their survival and developmental needs. From this evidence, we systematically review archaeological discoveries and research at the Middle Paleolithic and Early Upper Paleolithic periods along the Southwest Silk Road. The study explores the evolutionary processes of lithic technologies and cultural patterns across different regions, as well as the potential dispersal and interaction of ancient populations. Overall, during the Middle Paleolithic and Early Upper Paleolithic, southwestern China, the Tibetan Plateau and other regions in this southeast part of Asia exhibit periodic changes and innovations in lithic and other cultural technologies. Middle Paleolithic technologies are present across most regions along the Southwest Silk Road, characterized by a high degree of complexity and diversity. These varied technologies may indicate potential inter-regional migrations and diversified adaptive behaviors of archaic humans, such as Neanderthals, Denisovans. Bladelet and miniaturized lithic assemblages are key features of Early Upper Paleolithic sites along the road and are closely related to early modern humans. Overall, the different regions of this southeast part of Asia were clearly interconnected, serving as primary routes for migration and dispersal of archaic and early modern humans along what would later form the southwest Silk Road. Future research guided by the concept of the southwest Silk Road, particularly through cross-regional comparative studies, will deepen our understanding of the evolutionary history of early humans in Southwest China and the Tibetan Plateau.

Key words: Southwest Silk Road, Middle Paleolithic, Early Upper Paleolithic, Archaic humans, Early modern humans

中图分类号:

K871

李浩, 肖培源, 彭培洺, 王雨晴, 陈清懿, Ikram QAYUM, 贾真秀, 阮齐军, 陈发虎. 西南丝绸之路上的旧石器文化与人群交流[J]. 人类学学报, 2024, 43(06): 979-992.

LI Hao, XIAO Peiyuan, PENG Peiming, WANG Yuqing, CHEN Qingyi, Ikram QAYUM, JIA Zhenxiu, RUAN Qijun, CHEN Fahu. Paleolithic culture and human interactions on the Southwest Silk Road[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2024, 43(06): 979-992.

图/表 2

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西南丝绸之路上的旧石器文化与人群交流

Paleolithic culture and human interactions on the Southwest Silk Road

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