阿舍利大石片的生产方式与策略

doi:10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2020.0005

人类学学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (02): 183-192.doi: 10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2020.0005

阿舍利大石片的生产方式与策略

雷蕾¹^,²^,³, 李大伟⁴^,⁵, 麻晓荣⁶, 刘康体⁶, 侯亚梅¹^,², 王伟⁷, 李浩¹^,²

^1. 中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室,中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,北京 100044
^2. 中国科学院生物演化与环境卓越创新中心,北京 100044
^3. 中国科学院大学,北京 100049
^4. 广西民族大学科技史和科技文化研究院,南宁530006
^5. 广西民族博物馆,南宁530018
^6. 广西百色右江民族博物馆百色 533000
^7. 山东大学文化遗产研究院,青岛 266235

收稿日期:2019-06-29 修回日期:2019-11-09 出版日期:2020-05-15 发布日期:2020-07-17
作者简介:雷蕾（1986-）,女,河北保定人,中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所博士研究生,主要从事旧石器时代考古学研究
基金资助:
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDB26000000);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA19050102);中国科学院百人计划——广西哲学社会科学规划课题(17CKG001)

Production patterns and strategies of the Acheulean large flakes

LEI Lei¹^,²^,³, LI Dawei⁴^,⁵, MA Xiaorong⁶, LIU Kangti⁶, HOU Yamei¹^,², WANG Wei⁷, LI Hao¹^,²

^1. Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044
^2. CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing 100044
^3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
^4. Institute for History and Culture of Science & Technology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006;
^5. Guangxi Museum of Nationalities, Nanning, Guangxi 530018
^6. Youjiang Museum of Nationalities, Baise 533000
^7. Institute of Cultural Heritage, Shandong University, Qingdao 266235

Received:2019-06-29 Revised:2019-11-09 Online:2020-05-15 Published:2020-07-17

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

阿舍利技术的两个核心要素在于剥取大石片以及制作手斧等定型化大型工具。目前,国内有关手斧工业的研究中,关注较多的是大型工具的加工与制作,而对于大石片生产的方式与策略则缺乏系统的研究和介绍。本文重点介绍和综述了目前国外发现和报道的大石片生产技术,并对每种技术的具体特点进行了分析和阐释。根据剥片复杂程度的不同,阿舍利大石片生产技术可细分为三类;第一类指砾石初级剥片技术,是利用原料的自然特征,选择合适台面和剥片角度进行单次剥片;第二类包括两面剥片技术、板状石核剥片技术和昆比哇技术,是在了解原料特征的基础上,对石核进行有计划的剥片,以便连续生产出多个大石片;第三类包括奇尔基技术、塔拜勒巴拉-塔奇恩基特技术和西维多利亚技术,是在较为复杂的剥片流程引导下,通过对石核的预制,获取具有相对稳定形态的大石片。在此基础上,初步分析了广西百色盆地发现的大型石核和大石片标本,探讨其在深入认识该地区石器工业面貌方面的作用和意义。

关键词: 阿舍利技术, 大型石核, 大石片, 生产策略, 百色盆地

Abstract:

Producing large flakes and making the large cutting tools are two core elements of the Acheulean technology. Compared with extensive studies on the manufacture of Acheulean tools, technologies and strategies involved in producing Acheulean large flakes have received less attention in China. In this study, we focus on introducing a variety of the large flake production technologies abroad, with the analysis of patterns and characteristics of each method. According to the complexity of these methods, we have divided them into three groups. The first mainly refers to cobble opening technology, which uses natural features of the cobble to produce a single large flake. The second includes bifacial core, sliced slab and the Kombewa methods, all of which share common technological characteristics involving reduction sequences of large cores. The third includes the Chirki, Tabelbala-Tachenghit and Victoria West methods, which are the most sophisticated core flaking technologies in the Acheulean. These latter methods show a certain degree of core preparation and result in the production of large flakes with consistent morphology. Based on the above analysis, we present a preliminary study of large cores and flakes discovered from the Bose Basin in South China, and discuss the significance of these products in completing our understanding of the lithic technology in this region.

Key words: Archaeology, Lithics, Acheulean, Cores, Flakes, Production, Bose Basin

中图分类号:

雷蕾, 李大伟, 麻晓荣, 刘康体, 侯亚梅, 王伟, 李浩. 阿舍利大石片的生产方式与策略[J]. 人类学学报, 2020, 39(02): 183-192.

LEI Lei, LI Dawei, MA Xiaorong, LIU Kangti, HOU Yamei, WANG Wei, LI Hao. Production patterns and strategies of the Acheulean large flakes[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2020, 39(02): 183-192.

图/表 3

Fig.1 different types of large cores and their reduction sequence

图2 广西百色盆地大型石核剥片示意图 1, 4. 南坡山遗址Nanposhan site;2, 3. 二塘遗址Ertang site

Fig.2 Flaking strategy of large cores at Baise Basin

图3 百色盆地大石片三维模型图 1.檀河遗址Tanhe site; 2. 南坡山遗址Nanposhan site; 3. 大法遗址Dafa site; 4. 鸬鹚岛遗址 Lucidao site;5. 东增遗址Dongzeng site; 6. 那模遗址Name site

Fig.3 3D-models of large flakes at Baise Basin

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阿舍利大石片的生产方式与策略

Production patterns and strategies of the Acheulean large flakes

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