RFLP与三大人种间和人种内分化演变的关系

人类学学报 ›› 1993, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (01): 39-48.

RFLP与三大人种间和人种内分化演变的关系

吕宝忠，陈捷，曾溢滔

出版日期:1993-03-15 发布日期:1993-03-15

Differentiation and evolution of three major races of Homo sapiens inferred from RFLP rate

Lu Baozhong, Chen Jie, Zeng Yitao

Online:1993-03-15 Published:1993-03-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)指用限制性内切酶切割特定基因后产生的一类多态性，不仅可广泛地应用于产前诊断，且对于人类学研究和民族迁移的探讨也有重要意义。本文以β珠蛋白、PAH和DMD基因连锁序列的RFLP频率为依据，分析三大人种间和人种内的分化演变。研究结果表明，本文以RFLP频率为依据构建的系统树在拓扑上与Nei等以基因座位频率为依据构建的树是一致的，但尼格罗人种和其他人种间的遗传距离却比Nei等以基因座位频率数据为据报道的大一倍左右，看来这是一个有待进一步探讨的问题。研究结果还指出，高加索人种内的分化演变约发生在距今9000年前，从而在分子水平上可靠地印证了人群地理迁移及历史语言学论断。本文还初步分析了遗传距离与遗传病发病率的关系，经双对数变换处理后，两者似呈现负相关，或许提示DNA水平上的多态性维持机制可用中性突变学说来解释。

关键词: 限制性片段长度多态性；人种；遗传距离；进化

Abstract: This paper studies the difference of RFLP rates(including ?--globin gene cluster, PAH gene and DM D--linked sequences)among and within the three majorraces of Homo sapienson one hand, and the differentiation and evolution in modern humans on the other hand. The phylogenetic trees we reconstructed with UPGMA are substantially similar to those by Nei and Roychoudhury, but the genetic distance estimated is twice as that estimated by them between Negroid andother races. The differentiation and evolution within Caucasoids occurred as late as about 9 000 years ago. This is essentially concordant(and probably more reliable)with the evidences collected from human migration and etymology. This paper provides a preliminary analysis of the relationship between genetic distance sand corresponding incidences of genetic diseases and, shows the tendency of negative correlation between them through double logarithmic transformation. There-fore, the neutral theory seems to be more reasonable for the maintenance of RFLP polymorphism.

Key words: RFLP; Human races; Genetic distance; Evolution

吕宝忠，陈捷，曾溢滔. RFLP与三大人种间和人种内分化演变的关系[J]. 人类学学报, 1993, 12(01): 39-48.

Lu Baozhong, Chen Jie, Zeng Yitao. Differentiation and evolution of three major races of Homo sapiens inferred from RFLP rate[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 1993, 12(01): 39-48.