关键词: 髋骨;性别判断;柳江;旧石器时代晚期

Abstract: Although Wu Rukang had asserted all of the Upper Paleolithic human skeleton found from the small cave near Tong tianyan cave, Liujiang , Guangxi belong ed to a male individual. But some other scholars gave different sexing diagnosis o r felt doubt o f Wu′s assertion. The present paper provided evidence from several aspects for further discussing on this problem.
In addition to the loss of the anteno-inferior part the Liujiang innominate bone had been bro ken at the basal part of the ilium into upper and lower parts. These two parts had been slightly shifted from each other for about 1. 5mm. The narrow fissure in between w as filled up by the cave deposits which became calcified and cemented the two parts tog ether. This shift and the filling up o f the fissure made the width of sciatic notch about 1mm long er. These also made the distance between inferior posterioriliac spine and the deepest point of greater sciatic notch about 1mm shorter. The present author made some relevant measurements and retifications for necessary items on this bone.
Table 1 show s the comparison between hip bones of Liujiang paleolithic man and Han people of China. It show s the Liujiang hip bone is very small and corresponds to the small- est male Han hip bone in size. Its sciatic notch index is closer to the average of male Ha n than that o f female, although it is near the low er limit in the rang e o f female Ha n. The length of the distance between inferior posterioriliac spinne and the foot o f the vertical from the deepest point of greater sciatic notch to the maximum width of this notch (i. e OB length in Wu et al 1982 or the posterior segment of the maximum width of greater sciatic notch in Sun and Ou 1986) is very close to that of male Han. So the Liujiang hip bone is close to the average o f female specimens in size but according to the parameters especially responsible to sexing it is mo re probable to belong to a male individual.
The present author put relevant figures of Liujiang specimen into a chart cited from Wu et al ( 1982) for sexing the hip bone by lengthⅡ of ischium and OB length ( o r posterior segment o f the maximum width of greater sciatic notch ). The result indicates that Liujiang specimen is within the rang e of male, although not far from that of female.
Sun Shanghui and Ou Yong zhang had made a n equation for sexing hip bones o n the basis o f two angles among the measurements of greater sciatic notch of human bones unearthed from Nanjing and Northeastern part of China ( Sun and Ou 1986) . They draw a triangle formed by three points: A ( tip of inferior posterioriliac spine) , B ( ischial spine) and C ( deepest point of the greater sciatic notch). According to their paper the equation is: Z0= 0. 003794∠ A+ 0. 005679∠ C, Z0= 0. 6376 is the demarcation point. Most o f hip bones with Z value smaller than this a re belonging to male. In Liujiang specimen ∠ A is a round 64°; ∠ C is around 64°, Z= 0. 6093, indicating belonging to a male individual. In addition to sexing o n the basis of measurements of hip bone itself, the present author also investigates the evidence from the sacrum and skull from the same cave.
As Wu Rukang has indicated the sacro-iliac articular surface of Liujiang hip corresponds to not only upper two sacral vertebrae but also to the third sacra l vertebra ( Woo, 1959). This is characteristic of male sex.
The present author has made comparisons among skulls from Liujiang and Minatogawa as w ell as Upper Cave. The co efficient of divergence ( CV ) between Liujiang and Minatogawa No. 1 is 0. 029. The CV between two Minatogaw a female skulls ( Nos. 2 and 4) is 0. 033; t between two female skulls of Upper Cave ( Nos. 102 and 103) is 0. 030. So the divergence between Liujiang and Minatogawa No. 1 is so small that it corresponds to the divergence between two female individuals from each of these two sites. The Minatogawa skull No. 1 w as associated with nearly complete skeleton buried in an almost anatomically normal state ( Suzuki and Hanihara 1982) , so the sexing of this individual is highly confident. Therefore Liujiang skull and hip bone should belong to male as w ell.

Key words: Innominate, Sexing , Liujiang , Upper Paleolithic