收稿日期: 2018-01-17
修回日期: 2019-05-07
网络出版日期: 2020-09-10
The path to cultural modernity and behavioral hyperplasticity: A synthesis of a lecture series at the IVPP, Beijing
Received date: 2018-01-17
Revised date: 2019-05-07
Online published: 2020-09-10
本文是康纳德教授在中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所所做系列讲座的内容概要,包括对旧石器时代考古发掘方法的介绍,及其团队通过对四处重要遗址（群）长期发掘所研究的人类演化重要学术问题的成果：1) Schöninge遗址及相关问题;2)南非Sibudu遗址和其他石器时代中期遗址及早期现代人行为;3)Tönchesberg, Wallertheim等遗址的发掘与尼安德特人石器技术的多样性;4) Swabian Jura洞穴发掘和艺术、音乐的起源。通过此次系列讲座,他与中国学者分享国外旧石器时代考古的发掘方法、旧大陆西部不同区域遗址的考古学材料及相关研究成果,并希望未来能够加强交流与合作研究,共同推进旧石器时代考古的发展。
尼古拉斯 J. 康纳德 , 韩芳 . 文化现代性与行为超级适应性之路 ——中科院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所系列课程纪要[J]. 人类学学报, 2019 , 38(03) : 419 -445 . DOI: 10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2019.0036
This paper provides a schematic summary of the topics during the lecture series by Professor Nicholas J. Conard at the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, focusing on the methodological issues and researches at four topics:1) Schöningen, 2) Sibudu and other Middle Stone Age(MSA) sites in South Africa, 3) excavations at Tönchesberg, Wallertheim and other Neanderthal sites, 4) the caves of the Swabian Jura and the origins of art and music. Knowledge of excavation methods of his team, archaeological material in a broader context, and research achievements based upon the sites he is working on were shared by the lecture series. The lectures were also intended to foster international cooperation in teaching and research in future.
Key words： Paleolithic; Excavation method; Human evolution; International cooperation
| [1] | Dibble HL and McPherron SP. A Multimedia Companion to the Middle Paleolithic site of Combe-Capelle Bas(France)[M]. CD-ROM. University of Pennsylvania, 1996 |
| [2] | Thieme H. Lower Palaeolithic hunting weapons from Sch?ningen, Germany: The oldest spears in the world[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2000(19):140-147 |
| [3] | Conard NJ, Miller CE, Serangeli J, et al(Eds). Special Issue of Journal of Human Evolution[M]. Excavations at Sch?ningen: New Insights into Middle Pleistocene Lifeways in Northern Europe, 2015 |
| [4] | Conard NJ, Serangeli J, B?hner U, et al. Excavations at Sch?ningen and paradigm shifts in human evolution[J]. Journal of Human Evolution, 2015(89):1-17 |
| [5] | Binford LR. Bones: Ancient Men and Modern Myths[M]. Academic Press, New York, 2015 |
| [6] | Binford LR. Human ancestors: Changing views of their behavior[J]. Journal of Anthropological Archaeolgy, 1989(4):292-327 |
| [7] | Gamble C. Man the shoveler: alternative models for Middle Pleistocene colonization and occupation of northern latitudes[M]. In: Soffer O(Ed). The Pleistocene Old World New. Plenum Press, 1987, 81-98 |
| [8] | Br?uer G. The ‘Afro-European Sapiens Hypojournal’ and Hominid Evolution in East Asia during the Late Middle and Upper Pleistocene[J]. Cour. Forsch. -Inst. Senckenberg, 1984(69):145-165 |
| [9] | Br?uer G. Africa’s Place in the Evolution of Homo sapiens[M]. Continuity or Replacement. Controversies in Homo Sapiens Evolution, ed. by Br?uer G and Smith FH, 1992, 83-98 |
| [10] | Stringer C, Andrews P. Genetic and Fossil Evidence for the Origins of Modern Humans. Science, 1988(239):1263-1268 |
| [11] | Kandel AW, Conard NJ. Settlement patterns during the Earlier and Middle Stone Age around Langebaan Lagoon, Western Cape(South Africa)[J]. Quaternary International, 2012(270):15-29 |
| [12] | Parkington JE. Coastal diet, encephalization, and innovative behaviors in the late Middle Stone Age of southern Africa[M]. In: Cunnane SC, Stewart KM(Eds. ), Human Brain Evolution-The Influence of Freshwater and Marine Food Resources Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken, 2010, 189-203 |
| [13] | Will M, Parkington J, Kandel AW, et al. Coastal adaptations and the Middle Stone Age lithic assemblages from Hoedjiespunt 1 in the western Cape, South Africa[J]. Journal of Human Evolultion, 2013(64):518-537 |
| [14] | Wadley L, Jacobs Z. Sibudu Cave: Background to the excavations, stratigraphy and dating[J]. South Afr Humanit, 2006(18):1-26 |
| [15] | Jacobs Z, Roberts RG, Galbraith RF, et al. Ages for the Middle Stone Age of southern Africa: implications for human behavior and dispersal[J]. Science, 2008(322):733-735 |
| [16] | Henshilwood CS. Late Pleistocene techno-traditions in southern Africa: A review of the Still Bay and Howiesons Poort, c.75-59 ka[J]. Journal of World Prehistory, 2012(25):205-237 |
| [17] | Conard NJ. A critical view of the evidence for a southern African origin of behavioral modernity. South African Archaeological[J]. Society Goodwin Series. 2008(10):175-179 |
| [18] | Conard NJ. Cultural Evolution during the Middle and Late Pleistocene in Africa and Eurasia. In Handbook of Paleoanthropology 2nd Edition[M]. Edited by Henke W and Tattersall I. Springer: Berlin, 2015: 2465-2508 |
| [19] | Conard NJ, Will M. Examining the causes and consequences of short-term behavioral change during the Middle Stone Age at Sibudu, South Africa[J]. PLoS One, 2015,10(6): DOI 10. 1371/journal. pone. 0130001 |
| [20] | Conard NJ, Porraz G, Wadley L. What is in a name? Characterising the ‘Post-Howieson’s Poort’ at Sibudu[J]. South African Archaeological Bulletin, 2012(67):180-199 |
| [21] | Bretzke K, Marks AE, Conard NJ. Projektiltechnologie und kulturelle evolution in Ostafrika[J]. Mitteilungen Gesellschaft Urgeschichte, 2006(15):63-81 |
| [22] | Will M, Conard NJ. Assemblage variability and bifacial points in the lowermost Sibudan layers at Sibudu, South Africa[J]. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 2016, DOI 10.1007/s12520-016-0361-9 |
| [23] | Bader GD, Cable C, Lentfer C, et al. Umbeli Belli Rock Shelter, a forgotten piece fromthe puzzle of the Middle Stone Age in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa[J]. Journal of Archaeological Science, 2016(9):608-622 |
| [24] | Lombard M, Parsons I. What happened to the human mind after the Howiesons Poort?[J] Antiquity, 2011(85):1-11 |
| [25] | Kandel AW, Bolus M, Bretzke K, et al. Increasing Behavioral Flexibility? An Integrative Macro-Scale Approach to Understanding the Middle Stone Age of Southern Africa[M]. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, 2015, DOI 10.1007/s10816-015-9254-y |
| [26] | Conard NJ. T?nchesberg and its Position in the Paleolithic Prehistory of Northern Europe[M]. Monograph 20, R?misch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum Series. Habelt Bonn, 1992 |
| [27] | Conard NJ, Prindiville TJ. Middle Paleolithic Hunting Economies in the Rhineland[J]. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 2000(10):286-309 |
| [28] | Conard NJ, River Terraces Volcanic Craters and the Middle Paleolithic of the Rhineland[M]. In Settlement Dynamics of the Middle Paleolithic and Middle Stone Age. Edited by Conard NJ. Tübingen Publications in Prehistory 1. Tübingen: Kerns Verlag, 2001, 221-250 |
| [29] | Adler DS, Prindiville TJ, Conard NJ. Patterns of Spatial Organization and Land Use during the Eemian Interglacial in the Rhineland: New Data from Wallertheim[J]. Germany Eurasian Prehistory 1, 2003(2):25-78 |
| [30] | Conard NJ, Adler DS. Lithic Reduction and Hominid Behavior in the Middle Paleolithic of the Rheinland[J]. Journal of Anthropological Research, 1997(53):147-176 |
| [31] | Zilh?o J, d’Errico F. The Chronology and Taphonomy of the Earliest Aurignacien and Its Implications for the Understanding of Neandertal Extinction[J]. Journal of World Prehistory, 1999(13):1-68 |
| [32] | Zilh?o J, d’Errico F. The chronology of the Aurignacian and Transitional technocomplexes. Where do we stand[M]? In Zilh?o J & d’Errico F(Eds. ), The chronology of the Aurignacian and of thetransitional technocomplexes. Dating, stratigraphies, culturalm implications(Trabalhos de Arqueologia. 2003(33):313-349 |
| [33] | d’Errico F. The Invisible Frontier. A Multiple Species Model for the Origin of Behavioral Modernity[J]. Evolutionary Anthropology, 2003(12):188-202 |
| [34] | Mann A. The origins of spoken language in human evolution.From Tools to Symbols,From Early Hominids to Modern Humans. International Round Table, Abstracts.Johannesburg 16th-18th March, 2003 |
| [35] | Henshilwood CS, d’Errico F, Yates R, et al. The emergence of modern human behavior: Middle Stone Age engravings from South Africa[J]. Science, 2002(295):1278-1280 |
| [36] | Texier PJ, Guillaume P, Parkington J. A Howiesons Poort tradition of engraved ostrich eggshell containters dated to 60,000 years ago at Diepkloof Rock Shelter, South Africa[M]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2010(107):6180-6185 |
| [37] | Conard NJ, Floss H, Barth M, et al(Eds). Eiszeit-Kunst und Kultur[M]. Jan Thorbecke Verlag: Ostfildern, 2009 |
| [38] | Vogelsang R. Middle Stone Age Fundstellen in Südwest-Namibia. Africa Praehistorica 11. Heinrich-Barth-Institute: Cologne, 1998 |
| [39] | Wolf S. Schmuckstücke: Die Elfenbeinbearbeitung im Schw?bischen Aurignacien[M]. Kerns Verlag: Tübingen, 2015 |
| [40] | Conard NJ, Kind CJ. Als der Mensch die Kunst erfand: Eiszeith?hlen der Schw?bischen Alb[M]. Theiss Verlag: Stuttgart, 2017 |
| [41] | Williams LD. The Mind in the Cave. Consciousness and the Origins of Art[M]. London: Thames & Hudson, 2002 |
| [42] | Conard NJ, Bolus M. Radiocarbon Dating the Appearance of Modern Humans and Timing of Cultural Innovations in Europe: New Results and new Challenges[J]. Journal of Human Evolution, 2003(44):333-373 |
| [43] | Gourhan M. A Pre′histoire de l’art occidental. éditions d’art Lucien Mazenod[M]. Paris, 1965 |
| [44] | Bosinski G. Die Kunst der Eiszeit in Deutschland und der Schweiz[M]. RGZM: Bonn, 1982 |
| [45] | Conard NJ. The Demise of the Neanderthal Cultural Niche and the Beginning of the Upper Paleolithic in Southwestern Germany[M]. In: Neanderthal Lifeways, Subsistence and Technology: One Hundred Fifty Years of Neanderthal Study Edited by Conard NJ and Richter J. Springer Verlag: Heidelberg, 2011: 223-240 |
| [46] | Conard NJ. The evolution of modern behavior in East Asia. In Human origin sites and the World Heritage Convention in Asia[M]. Edited by Sanz N. UNESCO: Paris, 2014: 16-23 |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
京ICP证05002819号-3