黄淮西部是我国新石器时代南、北不同考古学文化与农业模式的过渡地带,近年来该地区植物考古研究成果显著,但目前学术界对该区域仰韶早期人类植食资源利用与农业发展状况仍不甚了解。本文利用淀粉粒分析方法,对张王庄遗址出土仰韶文化早期54件陶器和13件石器进行了表面残留物提取与分析。结果显示,该遗址仰韶早期先民的植食资源利用具有显著的多样性特征,旱地农作物粟、黍虽然已在人类生业经济中占据了重要地位,但采集获取的各类野生植物资源包括薏苡属、小麦族、莲藕等仍是人类食物主要组成,其重要性甚至高于农业种植。与此同时,研究结果也表明,在至迟不晚于距今6000年的仰韶早期阶段,粟、黍两类旱地作物已传播至黄淮西部的低纬度地区并成为先民种植的主要农作物,从而在整个黄淮西部形成以粟、黍为主,水稻为辅的稻-粟兼作农业。研究结果首次提供了黄淮西部仰韶早期人类植食资源利用与农业发展状况的科学证据,对认识黄淮西部史前农作物传播与农业结构演化的具体时空过程等具有重要价值。

The western Huanghuai Plain is a transitional zone of archeological cultures and agricultural models between the south and north China during the Neolithic period. In recent years, great progress has been made on archaeobotany in this area. However, the situation about human plant food resources and agricultural development during the early Yangshao culture in this area are still not well understood. The Zhangwangzhuang(ZWZ) site, located at the Wuyang County, Henan Province is a Neolithic archaeological site which date belongs to the early Yangshao culture. In this paper, 54 pottery sherds and 13 stone tools from the ZWZ site are studied by using starch grain analysis. The experimental results indicate that two kinds of dryland crops originated from the north China, foxtail millet (Setariaitalica) and broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum), have spread to the low-latitude areas of western Huanghuai Plain no later than 6000 years ago, and then, together with the locally grown rice (Oryza sative), the mixed farming of rice and millets formed in the whole western Huanghuai area. Notably, in addition to the three above crops, ancient people of the ZWZ site also utilized many kinds of wild plant food such as Triticeae, Coix, Nelumbo nuciferaand Trichosantheskirilowii. To understand the importance of different kinds of plant food in human diet, the ubiquity analysis is conducted in this paper and the result show that wild plant foods still dominated in ZWZ people’s life although the early agriculture has been greatly developed during the early Yangshao culture in the western Huanghuai Plain. This paper provides the scientific evidence for understanding the utilization of plant food resources and the development of agriculture during the early Yangshao period in the western Huanghuai Plain for the first time, which is also of great value to understand the specific Spatio-temporal process of prehistoric crop spreading and agricultural structure evolution in the western part of the Huanghuai area.