中国夏尔巴人是未识别民族。本文研究中国夏尔巴人体型特点,并通过夏尔巴人与中国其他族群体型比较,从体质人类学角度为夏尔巴人的族源研究提出新的证据。测量夏尔巴人的体质数据,采用Heath-Carter法计算夏尔巴人的体型值,通过主成分分析法分析夏尔巴人与其他族群体型的特点和相似程度,从体质人类学方面对夏尔巴人的族源提出看法。西藏夏尔巴人男性平均体型为均衡的中胚层体型,体脂发育水平中等,骨骼、肌肉比较发达,身体线性度中等。女性平均体型为偏内胚层的中胚层体型,夏尔巴人女性的体型特点是体脂欠发达,骨骼和肌肉含量中等,身体线性度中等。夏尔巴人男性、女性与怒族、木雅人、尔苏人体型接近。体部特征分析不支持夏尔巴人是藏族分支的观点。体型特征支持夏尔巴人源于党项羌的观点。

The Chinese Sherpa are unidentified ethnic groups.The paper studied the somatotyping characteristics of the Chinese Sherpa. Comparing Sherpa with other ethnic groups in China, it provided the new evidence for the study of the Sherpa’s ethnic origin from the perspective of physical anthropology. Methods: The Sherpa’s physical data were measured.The Heath-Carter method was used to calculate the Sherpa’s somatotyping value.The principal component analysis was used to analyze the characteristics and similarity of the Sherpa and other ethnic groups. Putting forward the viewpoint of the Sherpa’s ethnic origin from the aspect of physical anthropology. Results: The males of Sherpa were Balance Mesomorph. They had moderate body fat, strong bones and muscles, and moderate linearity. The females of Sherpa were Endomorphic Mesomorph. They had lean body fat, medium bones and muscles, and moderate linearity. The somatotyping characteristics of Sherpa were close to Nu, Muya and Ersu. The body characteristics analysis didn’t support the vew that the Sherpa was a Tibetan branch. Conclusions: The somatotyping characteristics supported the view that the Sherpa originated from Tangut.