研究论文

旧石器时代早期石核分类方法试析

  • 李三灵 ,
  • 李浩
展开
  • 1.北京师范大学历史学院,北京 100875
    2.中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室,中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,北京 100044
    3.中国科学院生物演化与环境卓越创新中心,北京 100044
李三灵(1995-),男,河南太康人,北京师范大学历史学院博士研究生,主要从事旧石器时代考古学研究。

收稿日期: 2019-04-14

  修回日期: 2019-07-10

  网络出版日期: 2021-04-13

基金资助

中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDB26000000);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA19050102);中国科学院百人计划

A pilot analysis of the classification method of cores in the early Paleolithic

  • Sanling LI ,
  • Hao LI
Expand
  • 1. School of History, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875
    2. Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044
    3. CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing 100044

Received date: 2019-04-14

  Revised date: 2019-07-10

  Online published: 2021-04-13

摘要

石核是石制品的重要类型,对于揭示早期人类对原料的利用程度、技术发展序列和认知能力等具有重要作用。对于旧石器时代早期石核类型的划分,中国学者经常以台面数量的多少作为标准。但是,这一分类方法忽视了石核剥片技术的多样性,难以深入揭示古人类石器技术及相关行为与认知能力等方面的信息。目前,国际同行所使用的旧石器时代早期石核分类方法多样,其中以Mary Leakey、J. Desmond Clark、Glynn Isaac、Eric Boёda、Kathleen Kuman和Ignacio de la Torre所建立和使用的分类体系最具代表性。本文对中国旧石器时代早期石核类型划分进行回顾,并对上述几种石核分类体系进行评述和比较,分析各自的优劣。在此基础上,对今后国内相关研究工作进行讨论。

本文引用格式

李三灵 , 李浩 . 旧石器时代早期石核分类方法试析[J]. 人类学学报, 2021 , 40(02) : 194 -207 . DOI: 10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2019.0043

Abstract

As an important type of stone products, core plays an important role in revealing the utilization degree of raw materials, technological development sequence and cognitive ability of early humans. With regard to the typological classifications of cores in the Early Paleolithic, Chinese scholars usually take account to the platform numbers as a key criterion. However,this classification method neglects the technological diversity during the process of core flaking, and thus hinders a deep understanding of the lithic technology and related cognitive abilities of early humans. Currently, various core classification methods have been employed by our international colleagues. Among these, the approaches that established and used by Mary Leakey, J. Desmond Clark, Glynn Isaac, Eric Boёda, Kathleen Kuman and Ignacio de la Torre respectively are the most representative ones. In this paper, we aim to review and compare those different classification systems and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. On this basis, We will discuss relevant domestic research work in the future.

参考文献

[1] 黄慰文. 东亚和东南亚旧石器初期重型工具的类型学——评Movius的分类体系[J]. 人类学学报, 1993,12(4): 297-304
[2] 裴文中, 张森水. 中国猿人石器研究[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1985
[3] 卫奇. 东谷坨旧石器初步观察[J]. 人类学学报, 1985,4(4): 289-300
[4] 黄慰文, 侯亚梅, 斯信强. 盘县大洞的石器工业[J]. 人类学学报, 1997(3): 2-23
[5] 冯小波. 郧县人遗址石核的研究[J]. 人类学学报, 2004(1): 1-12
[6] Pei WC. Preliminary study on a new Paleolithic station known as Locality 15 within the Choukoutien region[J]. Bull Geol Soc China, 1939,19(2): 147-187
[7] 裴文中, 贾兰坡. 丁村旧石器[C].见:裴文中(主编).山西襄汾县丁村旧石器时代遗址发掘报告[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1958: 97-111
[8] 张森水, 周春茂. 大荔人化石地点第二次发掘简报[J]. 人类学学报, 1984(1): 19-29
[9] 曹泽田. 猫猫洞旧石器之研究[J]. 古脊椎动物与古人类, 1982(2): 155-164
[10] 李炎贤, 文本亨. 观音洞——贵州黔西旧石器时代初期文化遗址[M]. 北京: 文物出版社, 1986
[11] 李君, 张菁婧, 刘建超, 等. 东谷坨遗址石制品研究[J]. 文物春秋, 2014(6): 3-10
[12] 侯亚梅, 刘扬, 李英华, 等. 泥河湾盆地三棵树旧石器遗址2008年试掘报告[J]. 人类学学报, 2010,29(3): 227-241
[13] 王法岗. 泥河湾盆地南山边遗址发现的旧石器[J]. 人类学学报, 2016,35(3): 331-342
[14] 李占扬, 赵清坡, 李雅楠. 灵井许昌人遗址2014年发掘简报[J]. 华夏考古, 2016(1): 3-25
[15] 李浩, 李超荣, Kuman K. 丹江口库区果茶场Ⅱ旧石器遗址发掘简报[J]. 人类学学报, 2013,32(2): 144-155
[16] 刘富良, 杜水生. 洛阳北窑黄土旧石器遗址1998年发掘报告[J]. 人类学学报, 2011,30(1): 13-21
[17] 高星. 周口店第15地点剥片技术研究[J]. 人类学学报, 2000(3): 199-215
[18] 陕西省考古研究所,大荔县文管会. 陕西大荔县发现的早期旧石器文化遗存[J]. 考古与文物, 1994(1): 1-20
[19] 陈淳, 沈辰, 陈万勇, 等. 小长梁石工业研究[J]. 人类学学报, 2002(1): 23-40
[20] 卫奇. 《西侯度》石制品之浅见[J]. 人类学学报, 2000,19(2): 85-96
[21] 卫奇. 石制品观测格式探讨[A].见:邓涛,王原(主编).第八届中国古脊椎动物学学术年会论文集[C]. 北京:海洋出版社, 2002: 209-218
[22] 卫奇. 东谷坨遗址石制品再研究[J]. 人类学学报, 2014,33(3): 254-269
[23] Bordes F. Typologie du Paléolithique Ancient et Moyen. 2 vols[M]. Bordeaux: Institut de Préhistoire de l’Université de Bordeaux, 1961
[24] Leroi-Gourhan A. Le Geste et la Parole: I, Technique et langage[M]. Paris: Albin Michel, 1964: 158-159
[25] Dauvois M. Précis de dessin dynamique et structural des industries lithiques préhistoriques[M]. Périgueux: Fanlac, 1976: 11-45
[26] Boёda E. Détermination des unités techno-fonctionnelles de pièces bifaciales provenant de la couche acheuléenne C′3 base du site de Barbas I[A]. In: Cliquet D (Ed.). Les Industries à Outils Bifaciaux du Paléolithique Moyen d’ Europe Occidentale[C]. ERAUL 98, Liège: University of Liège Press, 2001: 51-75
[27] 李英华, 侯亚梅, Bodin E. 法国旧石器技术研究概述[J]. 人类学学报, 2008(1): 51-65
[28] 李英华. 大冶石龙头遗址石器的新研究[J]. 江汉考古, 2011(2): 45-53
[29] 李英华. 旧石器技术:理论与实践[M]. 北京: 社会科学文献出版社, 2017
[30] Boёda E. Techno -logique & Technologie: une Paléo -histoire des objets lithiques tranchants[M]. Paris: Archéo-éditions, 2013
[31] Roche H, Delagnes A, Brugal JP, et al. Early hominid stone tool production and technical skill 2.34 Myr ago in West Turkana, Kenya[J]. Nature, 1999,399:57-60
[32] Semaw S, Renne P, Harris JWK, et al. 2.5-million-year-old stone tools from Gona, Ethiopia[J]. Nature, 1997,385(6614): 333-336
[33] Hovers E, Schollmeyer KG, Goldman T, et al. Late Pliocene archaeological sites in Hadar, Ethiopia[J]. Journal of Human Evolution, 2002,42:1-17
[34] Kuman K, Sutton MB, Pickering TR, et al. The Oldowan industry from Swartkrans cave, South Africa, and its relevance for the African Oldowan[J]. Journal of Human Evolution, 2018,123:52-69
[35] Leakey MD, Olduvai Gorge, Volume 3: Excavations in Beds I and II, 1960-1963[M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1971
[36] Clark JD, Kleindienst MR. Kalambo Falls prehistoric site, II, the late prehistoric cultures[M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1974: 71-106
[37] Clark JD. Kalambo Falls prehistoric site, III, the earlier cultures: Middle and Earlier Stone Age[M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001: 34-65
[38] Isaac GL, Isaac B. Olorgesailie: Archeological Studies of A Middle Pleistocene Lake Basin in Kenya[M]. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1977
[39] Toth N. The stone technologies of early hominids at Koobi Fora, Kenya: An Experimental Approach[D]. Berkeley: PhD Thesis, University of California, 1982
[40] Toth N. The Oldowan reassessed: A close look at early stone artifacts[J]. Journal of Archaeological Science, 1985,12:101-120
[41] Toth N. Behavioral inferences from Early Stone artifact assemblages: an experimental model[J]. Journal of Human Evolution. 1987,16:763-787
[42] Kuman K, Field AS. The Oldowan Industry from Sterkfontein Caves, South Africa[A]. In: Schick K, Toth N (Eds.). The Cutting Edge: New Approaches to the Archaeology of Human Origins[C]. Bloomington: Stone Age Institute Press, 2009, 151-170
[43] de la Torre I, Mora R, Dominguez-Rodrigo M, et al. The Oldowan industry of Peninj and its bearing on the reconstruction of technological skills of Lower Pleistocene hominids[J]. Journal of Human Evolution, 2003,44:203-224
[44] de la Torre I, Mora R. Technological Strategies in the Lower Pleistocene at Olduvai Beds I & II[M]. ERAUL 112, Liège: University of Liège Press. 2005
[45] de la Torre I. The Early Stone Age lithic assemblages of Gadeb (Ethiopia) and the Developed Oldowan/early Acheulean in East Africa[J]. Journal of Human Evolution, 2011,60:768-812
[46] Pei S, Xie F, Deng C, et al. Early Pleistocene archaeological occurrences at the Feiliang site, and the archaeology of human origins in the Nihewan Basin, North China[J]. PLoS ONE, 2017,12(11): e0187251
[47] Yang SX, Hou YM, Yue JP, et al. The lithic assemblages of Xiaochangliang, Nihewan basin: Implications for Early Pleistocene hominin behaviour in North China[J]. PLoS ONE, 2016,11(5): e0155793
文章导航

/