云南鹤庆蝙蝠洞旧石器遗址2019年度发掘报告
收稿日期: 2022-10-15
修回日期: 2023-02-22
网络出版日期: 2023-08-10
基金资助
青藏高原地球系统与资源环境全国重点实验室开放基金课题(TPESER202210);郑州中华之源与嵩山文明研究会重大项目(DZ-7)
2019 excavation report of the Bianfudong Paleolithic site in Heqing, Yunnan
Received date: 2022-10-15
Revised date: 2023-02-22
Online published: 2023-08-10
云南鹤庆蝙蝠洞旧石器遗址地处金沙江中游,是一处废弃的采石场。洞穴顶部、入口与前部受早期采石破坏严重。2019年,我们为配合基本建设对遗址进行了抢救性考古发掘;发掘区距离洞口位置约30余米。遗址地层堆积可划分为文化堆积和洞穴下部裂隙堆积两部分;其中,文化堆积厚2.3 m,包含10个小层堆积,分上与下两个文化层。本次在文化层发现部分人类化石、石制品和大量动物化石,在下部裂隙堆积中仅发现一些动物化石。遗址下文化层出土石制品数量较多,石核石器和石片石器共存;上文化层以石片石器为主。动物化石以鹿和牛为主,属于100余个个体,部分碎骨表面还分布有人工痕迹。铀系法测年显示,遗址下文化层的年代在距今18-14万年之间,上文化层顶部的年代距今约为7万年。
阮齐军 , 刘建辉 , 叶荣波 , 邵庆丰 , 杨森 , 周建威 , 华春湧 , 孙健 , 张小玫 , 罗兴荣 . 云南鹤庆蝙蝠洞旧石器遗址2019年度发掘报告[J]. 人类学学报, 2023 , 42(04) : 503 -513 . DOI: 10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2023.0024
The Bianfudong Paleolithic site is located in the middle valley of the Jinshajiang River. Due to early quarrying damage, the roof, entrance and frontal part of the cave were severely destroyed. To accompany basic construction, we conducted a rescue excavation in 2019. The excavation area is approximately 30 m away from the original entrance to the cave. The stratigraphy of the site consists of two parts: cultural deposits and underlying cave fissure deposits. The cultural deposit is 2.3 m in thickness and divided into two cultural stages (upper and lower) comprising ten sub-layers. Some hominin fossils, stone artifacts and plentiful animal fossils have been excavated from the cultural layers, along with some fauna from the natural cave fissure deposits. A large number of stone artifacts were excavated from the lower cultural layer with both core and flake tools identified. In contrast, mainly flake tools were identified from the upper layer. Broken fossil bones excavated from cultural layers are dominated by deer and bovids totalling more than 100 individuals, and some bones preserve artificial marks on the surface. The U-series dating of the site gives the age of the lower cultural layer between 180 kaBP and 140 kaBP, while the top of upper cultural layer is dated to ca. 70 kaBP.
Key words: Bianfudong site; Pleistocene; Homini
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