考古发掘报告是遗址原始资料公布的主要形式，重要性不言而喻。目前，以专著形式发表的旧石器时代遗址发掘报告相对较少，且随着从业人员的多样化，旧石器时代遗址发掘报告体例和内容不一，部分报告缺失基本信息，不利于构建有效的学术交流平台。本文在回顾中国旧石器时代遗址发掘报告发展历史的基础上，讨论旧石器时代遗址发掘报告编写的基本框架。本文认为，在以遗址和人类行为为中心的研究视角下，遗址发掘报告需“由表及里”地报道遗址的基本信息。内容至少应包括遗址的地理位置，发现、发掘和研究历史，地质、地貌，发掘方法和流程，地层、年代和古环境，出土遗存（遗迹和遗物）情况等。作者希望本文可促进同行思考旧石器时代遗址发掘报告的编写方式，以达成及时有效交流新考古发现所蕴含考古信息的目的。

Excavation reports are vital for the publication of original archaeological data. Comprehensive research on a site is often a time-consuming task, therefore timely publication of excavation reports becomes a priority to disseminate information about a site effectively. At present, there are relatively few reports on Paleolithic sites published as full monographs. And with increasing of diversity of researchers and their training, stylistic rules and contents of excavation reports on Paleolithic sites vary in terms of original information, which is not conducive to effective scholarly communication. This paper discusses a basic framework for preparing Paleolithic archaeological reports from the perspective of site and human behavioral research. This paper holds that the excavation report should publish basic information “from the surface to the inside” including at the minimum, geographical location; discovery, excavation and research history; geology; topographical land forms; excavation methods and procedures; site stratigraphy; age and paleoenvironment; excavated remains(including features and artifacts). Interpretation of human behavior should be added as a relatively independent part of the excavation report or should be published separately. An excavation report is foundation of archaeological research, but we are well aware that the report is not the ultimate goal in the science of archaeology. Researchers should expand the range and depth of their work and and focus on reporting original data. We hope that this paper promotes scholars to think more about the value of Paleolithic archaeological excavation report writing and its relationship to comprehensive research of a particular site and its environs, so as to achieve more timely and effective dissemination of Paleolithic information.