本研究采用整群随机抽样的方法，利用生物电阻抗法测量1036例南阳地区60岁以上老年人的脂肪量，采用简易智力状态检查量表评估认知功能，统计分析老年人脂肪量特点，探讨脂肪量与认知障碍的关系。结果表明，南阳地区老年女性全身与局部脂肪量均大于男性（P<0.05）；在全身、内脏和躯干脂肪量方面，城市男性高于乡村男性，乡村女性高于城市女性（P<0.05）。横断面与纵向追踪研究均显示，男性全身、内脏和躯干脂肪量呈现增龄性减少（P<0.05）。认知障碍的出现率在男性为19.47%，女性为28.91%，均呈现增龄性增长（P<0.05）；乡村女性高于城市女性（P<0.05）。认知障碍组的全身、内脏和躯干脂肪量均高于认知正常组（P<0.05）。全身、内脏和躯干脂肪量均与认知障碍MMSE评分相关（P<0.05）。整体上，南阳地区老年人全身、内脏及躯干脂肪量存在较大的性别差异、年龄差异和城乡差异，同时与认知障碍有较高的相关性。

This study used a cluster random sampling method to measure the body fat mass of 1036 elderly people over 60 years old in Nanyang area using bioelectrical impedance method. The simple intelligence state examination scale was used to evaluate cognitive function, and the distribution of total body and local fat mass in the elderly were statistically analyzed to explore the relationship between body fat mass and cognitive impairment.The results showed that the total body fat, visceral fat, trunk fat, upper limbs fat and lower limbs fat mass of the elderly women in Nanyang area was higher than that of the men (P<0.05). In terms of total body fat, visceral fat, and trunk fat mass, urban males had higher values than rural males, and rural females had higher fat mass than urban females (P<0.05), while no such change was observed in fat mass in upper and lower limbs. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal follow-up studies showed that the total body fat, visceral fat and trunk fat mass decreased with age in males (P<0.05), while no such change was observed in other indexes. Similarly, with the increase of age, there was no statistical difference in the change of total body fat, subcutaneous fat, visceral fat, trunk fat and limb fat mass in females. The incidence of cognitive impairment was 19.47% in males and 28.91% in females, both of which increased with age (P<0.05). The incidence of female cognitive impairment in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas (P<0.05). Total body fat, visceral fat and trunk fat in cognitive impairment group were higher than those in cognitive normal group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in fat mass in upper and lower limbs between the cognitive impairment group and the cognitive normal group. Total body fat, visceral fat and trunk fat were correlated with Mini-mental state examination score of cognitive impairment in all groups (P<0.05). There was no correlation between upper and lower limb fat mass and MMSE score of cognitive impairment in all groups. On the whole, the total body fat, visceral fat and trunk fat of the elderly in Nanyang area has a large gender difference, age difference and urban and rural difference, and has a close correlation with cognitive impairment. The incidence of cognitive impairment is higher in the group over 80 years old and the group of rural women. Health assessment and prevention of related diseases should be strengthened.