人类学学报

禄丰古猿的两性差别

吴汝康,王令红

1987, 6(03): 169-174.

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本文首先讨论了粗壮池猿化石标本的性别判断问题,然后把粗壮池猿和禄丰西瓦古猿分别与有关的现生猿类的两性差别进行比较研究,得出这两个进化系统性别差异的时代变化的结论。这样的结论支持禄丰西瓦古猿的系统地位的论证。

步氏巨猿的牙齿釉质发育不全

张银运

1987, 6(03): 175-179.

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在步氏巨猿后部齿的绝大部分类别中检出有釉质发育不全的标本,患釉质发育不全的个体数高达14.3—17.9％。类似的情况可见之于南非的南方古猿类。步氏巨猿的釉质发育不全很大可能是由于营养上的原因。

中国晚旧石器时代人类与其南邻(尼阿人及塔邦人)的关系

吴新智

1987, 6(03): 180-183.

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本文计算了中国旧石器时代晚期人类几个头骨与尼阿洞人之间的歧异系数,结果是柳江人与尼阿洞人的距离小于后者与澳大利亚大约同时期的人类的距离,也小于其与山顶洞人之距离。本文还根据一些形态特征的相似性讨论了尼阿洞人、塔邦洞人与亚洲大陆及澳大利亚古人类的关系。结论认为亚洲大陆对尼阿人有过相当大的影响,塔邦洞人也接受过一些来自北方的影响。

华北人欧洲人和澳洲土著人的头骨厚度

布朗·皮特,吴新智

1987, 6(03): 184-189.

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The thickness of the cranial vault at the midline on the mid-frontal squama, pre-bregmatic einence, frontal at bregma, parietal at vertex, occipital at lambda and the external occipita1 protuberance was recorded in 40 male and 7 female Northern Chinese crania, 47 male and 52 female Australian Aboriginal crania and 13 male European crania using specially nodified vernier calipers. Comparison of vault thickness data obtained through direct measurement with those obtained fron lateral radiographs indicated that direct measurenent provided consistently more accurate results.
Male and fermale samples were processed separately so that the extent of sexbased variation could be examined.Student's t test was used to compare the sample means and the percentage of sexual dimorphism for each dimension was calculated according to Garn et al, (1964).The possibility of an allometric association between the thickness of the bones within the cranial vault, size of the cranial vault and stature was examined using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and the Australian Aboriginal sample.
All but one of the mean thickness dimensions in the Australian Aboriginal male sample is significantly greater than the Northern Chinese and European means. The female results support those obtained with the males.In both males and females thickness at the external occipital protuberance, in all of the populations examined,did not correlate highly with that obtained from other parts of the cranial vault.This reflects the high degree of morphological variation in the position of the internal occipital protuberance and its influence on cranial vault thickness dimensions recorded at the external occipital protuberance.The European and Northern Chinese samples have similar cranial vault thickness dimensions. The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient matrix scores provide sone support for a biological association between vault thickness and overall cranial size. However, there appears to be little support for an association between stature and cranial vault thickness. The difference between the male and female mean vault thickness dimensions were significant at bregma, vertex and the external occipital protuberance in Australian Aboriginals and lambda and the external occipital protuberance in Northern Chinese. Some caution is needed in the interpretation of the Northern Chinese female data as the sample is extremely small.
Evidence of trauma, supressed fractures, is extremely common on the vaults of Australian Aboriginal crania from southern and central Australia. Traditionally Australian Aboriginals, males and females, involved in agressive dispute will use a substantial wooden implement and strike to the head of thir opponent(Meggitt 1962).The injuries that result from this are more common in females than in male. This form of social interaction must have rigorously selected against those individuals with thinner bones in their cranial vaults. To a large degree this may explain the greatly thickened vaults in Australian Aboriginals relative to Europeans and Northern Chines.This may also provide a clue to the factors resulting in the development of marked cranial vault thickness in Homo erectus.

早期人类在中国境内扩散和分布的趋势

林圣龙

1987, 6(03): 190-195.

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本文根据早期人类化石的形态序列和时间序列,结合化石地点的地理位置探讨了早期人类在中国境内扩散和分布的趋势。

十个少数民族中乙醛脱氢酶的遗传多态性

徐玖瑾,陈良忠,金锋,杜若甫

1987, 6(03): 196-202.

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用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶等电聚焦研究了我国十个少数民族中乙醛脱氢酶的遗传多态性。在每一民族中均发现有一定比例的仅具一条泳动慢的同功酶带ALDHⅡ的缺陷型,其比例为:侗族48.3％(97/201),满族44.4％(76/171),藏族42.6％(60/141),维吾尔族40.1％(83/207)彝族36.8％(81/220),回族36.5％(74/203),瑶族30.7％(58/189),白族30.5％(61/200),土家族27.1％(54/199),哈尼族25.8％(49/190)。

四川平武白马藏族外眼形态学特征

李文英,陈中连,侯泽荣

1987, 6(03): 203-212.

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本文对四川省平武县白马藏族212人和绵阳地区汉族251人进行了外眼共九个项目形态学调查。对各项分别进行了生长发育趋势的探讨及性别间、族别间的差异显著性检验。

月经初潮年龄的研究

席焕久,谷学静,李泽山,王辉亚,孙潮,林奇

1987, 6(03): 213-221.

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本文根据西安市及辽宁省开原县2281名女学生及部分青年女农民的调查,得出了西安市女性月经初潮年龄为13.50±1.21岁;开原县则为14.40±1.40岁。月经初潮时间有提前趋势,尤以农村为著。通过不同方法的统计分析,发现寿命表的方法优点较多,现状法调查比较准确。此外,本文还与国内、外的资料做了比较,分析了季节分布特点,探讨了月经初潮的影响因素。

西安现代人面颅

杨玉田,郑靖中,党汝霖,李应义

1987, 6(03): 222-226.

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本文对在西安地区收集的现代人成年颅骨100例(男50,女50)的面颅作了测量和统计。依据两性差异非常显著的项目找出了12个判定面颅性别的拟用指标。

甘肃裕固族体质特征初步研究

戴玉景,丁建生,邹占彪

1987, 6(03): 227-235.

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本文调查了甘肃省裕固族成年人409人(男210人,女199人)的体质特征。其中活体测量51项,活体观察8项。结果表明:裕固族既具有黄种人的特征,也有本民族的特点,例如头部较圆较高;面部较长偏狭;鼻子高;鼻梁直,属狭鼻型;身材普遍较高,体质较好。这些特征与华北地区的汉族和达斡尔族,羌族及锡伯族的特征比较接近,而与苗族、黎族较远。

梁山旧石器遗址的初步观察

黄慰文,祁国琴

1987, 6(03): 236-244.

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梁山旧石器产自汉水第三阶地砾石层,与“大熊猫-剑齿象动物群”共生,是一个含手斧的旧石器时代初期工业。它与秦岭北坡“汾渭地堑”的同期文化关系密切,在类型和技术上与华南的百色石器、朝鲜半岛的全谷里文化、东非的奥杜韦文化和发达的奥杜威文化也有相似之处。

萨拉乌苏组中发现的肿骨鹿化石

许春华

1987, 6(03): 245-248.

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作者认为在萨拉乌苏组中发现的下颌骨肿厚的鹿类化石,与周口店第1地点的肿骨鹿化石较为接近,建议将它归于肿骨鹿。

安徽省和县和巢县古人类地点的铀系法年代测定和研究

陈铁梅,原思训,高世君,胡艳秋

1987, 6(03): 249-254.

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用不平衡铀系法测定了安徽省和县和巢县人化石地点哺乳动物骨化石样品的年代。所得封闭样品的年代值分别集中在15—19和16—20万年范围内。但在两个地点均不排除年代值为二十多万年的骨化石样品存在的可能。所有被测样品均检验了对铀的封闭性。

灵长类的性别二态问题

吴汝康

1987, 6(03): 255-261.

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D.C.约翰逊,林玉芬

1987, 6(03): 262-262.

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《Palaeoanthropology and Paleolithic archaeology in the people's republic of China》

Donald C.Johanson

1987, 6(03): 263-263.

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消息与动态

1987, 6(03): 264-264.

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