Abstract: One new species of fossil Primates in the fauna of Gongwangling, Lantian County was described by Hu and Qi (1978). They assigned the fossil Io the species Megamacaca lantianensis. When we compared it with fossil monkeys from other localities we found that Megamacaca lantianensis should be attributed to the subfamily Colobinae, owing to the higher molar relief, shorter trigonid in the lower molar than Cercopithecinae and other features. There are more similarities in the teeth and jaws of Megamacaca with Rhinopithecus, but it is larger in size than any extant species of Rhinopithecus, its age is Early Pleistocene, therefore, we suggest to continue the species name. Thus the fossil primate of Lantian is named as Rhinopithecus (Megamacaca) lantianensis. Its body weight was estimated to be 14.3-17.9 kilograms.

Key words: Gongwangling, Lantian Conty; Rhinopithecus (Megamacaca) lantianensis; Early Pleistocene