Abstract: This paper described the incidences of the caries and periodontitis of 161 mandibles fromthe neonlithic site in Xiawanggang, Xichuan, Henan, and discussed the relationship between thefrequence of dental disease and the various localities, sex and age. In addition, the tooth wearand the abnormal cups and the root diseases were also scored.
The results showed that the frequence of the caries and periodontitis had no clear asso-ciation with different localities, sex and age. But periodontitis is considered to be strongly associated with age.

Key words: Dental disease; Neolithic period; Xiawanggang