Abstract: Five teeth of the early Pliocene hominoid were collected at a new fossil locality Leilao village in Yuanmou, Yunnan in 1989 and 1990. The teeth are divided into two kinds according tosize, the specimens of small type are left C (YM · 201), left P_3 (YM · 202) and right M, (YM · 203); the specimens of big type are 1eft M^2(YM . 204) and left M^3(YM . 205).
A comparative study of the teeth showed that the small and big ones could represent the female and male of a single species respectively. They are very similar to the hominoid teeth from Xiaohe and Zhupeng, Y uanmou in morphology and size, therefore, the hominoids of these three localities are considered as belonging to the same morphological type. It probably belongs to Family Pongidae and Genus Sivapithecus. M any morphological features of Leilao teeth are close to those of the hominoids from Keiyuan and Lufeng, Yunnan (Dryopithecus keiyuanensisand Lufengpithecus), but Leilao teeth are different from those of K eiyuan and Lufeng hominoids in some important features, so they are considered as belonging to different species.

Key words: Hominoid; Pliocene; Leilao