Abstract: The ancient human bones studied in this paper were unearthed at some sites in the middle and the south regions of Shandong by the Archaeological Institute of Shandong Province. Eleven nearly complete skulls of Zhou and Han Dynasties were selected, their morphological characters were observed and measured.
The results obtained are as follows:
1. The morphological character of the skulls showed that this population of the middle and south of Shandong were similar to that of the northern Shandong lived in similar era in bearing more distinct features of the modern East and South Asian Mongoloid groups than any other Mongoloid groups.
2. The results of cluster analysis and principal component analysis indicated that the relationship between the Shandong Zhou-Han era population and the ancient groups of the Yellow River Valley especially the middle or lower reaches of the river is much closer than that with the ancient southern groups of China.
3. Zhou-Han group of Shandong Province is closer to Yayoi groups of West Japan than to the Jomon groups. Thisstudy supports the hypothesis that the ancient population of continental China espe-cially the East China have contributed in the origin of modern Japanese.

Key words: Human skeletons; Zhou and Han Dynasties; The middle and the south regions; Physical anthropology; Shandong