Abstract: The skulls of Jiangjialiang Neolithic site in Yangyuan, Hebei were studied. Twelve popula- tion (Weidun, Lijiashan, Taiyuan, Northern Chinese, Hokkaido Ainu, Japanese Jomon, Asian Eskimo, Ekven, Amur, Mongolian, Buryat and Neolithic Baikalian) were compared with Jiangjialiang material. The results of comparisons were shown in Table 3, Figwes 3 —5. MMDs of them were calculated on the basis of 11 nonmetric cranial traits. Cluster and principal coordinate analysis based on MMDs showed that Jiangjialiang group has closer relation with some groups especially such as Baikal group and Northern Chinese. However, we still have no evidence to explain the further relation between them and the cause of the relation. Jiangjialiang group perhaps has some own characters which make it out of the other groups. So, we hope to find the more ancient bony materials to make a more refined conclusion.

Key words: Nonmetric cranial traits; The Neolithic Age; Hebei Yangyuan; Jiangjialiang