Abstract: Random sample including 500 persons has been taken for investigating the distribution of ABO blood group in Shui nationality in Sandu county, Guizhou Province. The results show that the distribution of ABO blood group are A =29.41 %, B=22.05 %, O =44.12 %, AB=4.41 %; O >A > B >AB.The gene frequency for ABO blood group are p =0.1871, q =0.1430, r=0.6699, The index of nationality in Shui is 1.278. Conclusion: A higher O gene frequency exists in Shui nationality of Guizhou province, so they are similar to other populations living in South China.

Key words: ABO blood group; Gene frequency; Shui nationality; Sandu; Guizhou