Abstract: Exactly 1066 bone fragment pieces were recovered from the Xianrendong Paleolithic site, of which 384 were identified to skeletal element. In this paper, distribution of bone fragments, bone surface modifications and skeletal element profiles of the bone assemblage are studied in order to understand hunting behaviors of hominids in different phases. Clearly hunting was the main living strategy at this site, with later hominids making fuller use of the animals than earlier hominids. Based on the bone fragments and stone artifacts, it is assumed that this site was a temporary campsite or butchering site. Comparative analyses of bone assemblages, chronological data and palynology, over time the climate deteriorated and became colder and drier, with grassland vegetation and scattered clusters of trees or shrubs.

Key words: Xianrendong; Huadian; Animal fossil; Palynology; Climatic change