Abstract: Diaotonghuan is a rock shelter located in the limestone hills of the southwestern Dayuan basin in Wannian County, Jiangxi Province. The Diaotonghuan site was excavated in 1993, 1995 and 1999. Thousands of stone artifacts that include both flake and pebble tools were found during the excavations. A large number of antler and bone tools, as well as shell knives, were also found, and fireplaces and occupation surfaces were uncovered in different cultural horizons. The diversity of the finds indicates that the rock shelter had been used by Late Pleistocene hunter-gatherers for a variety of activities, including base camps, stone workshops, animal butchery, etc. in the late Late Pleistocene. The research at Diaotonghuan is significant as it opens a new window for examining the diversity of modern human behaviour in the Late Pleistocene of South China.

Key words: Flake tools; Pebble tools; Behavioral Modernity; late-Late Pleistocene; South China