An analysis of agricultural activities in Nanyang Basin during the Pre-Qin period from the plant remains in the Wenkangoudong locality

doi:10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2021.0081

Abstract

Abstract:

Nanyang basin is a geographical transition zone and cultural intersection area and its archaeological sites show some typical characteristics of the cultrue integration of South and North China. The Wenkangoudong locality of Western Zhou dynasty is an important site of the late Longshan Culture period in Nanyang basin. We attempt to discuss the planting patterns and characteristics of agricultural production comprehensively by analysising the macroremains and phytolith combining with the previous botanical evidence and dating results. The results show that the people of Wenkangoudong locality lived on dry farming by planting millets, accompanied by small amounts of rice and wheat during the late Longshan period. However, the latter crops played a relatively weak role in the lives of the ancient people. During the Western Zhou period, the dry-farming production mode was continued, and the planting scale was slightly expanded. No carbonized rice was discovered, but the analysis of phytolith reveals that rice still had been planted. Due to the political influence of Zhou dynasty and the demand of territory expansion, wheat gradually occupied a position in the daily lives of the ancient people. In general, the excavation and archaeobotanical research of Wenkangoudong locality could provide new materials for revealing the cultural features of the pre-Qin period sites in the southwestern Henan Province and their cultural exchange with the central plain sites.

Key words: Nanyang Basin, Wenkangoudong locality, Agricultural activity, Millets, Wheat

CLC Number:

Q914

XIA Xiumin, WANG Lizhi, TAO Dawei, DU Wei, JIN Songan, ZHANG Jian, WU Yan. An analysis of agricultural activities in Nanyang Basin during the Pre-Qin period from the plant remains in the Wenkangoudong locality[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2022, 41(05): 899-912.

Figures/Tables 9

References 53

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实验室编号 Lab No.	出土单位 Unit	推测时期 Speculated period	样品Material	¹⁴C dating (BP)	校正年代 Calibrated age (BP cal)
实验室编号 Lab No.	出土单位 Unit	推测时期 Speculated period	样品Material	¹⁴C dating (BP)	1σ(68.3%)	2σ (95.4%)	平均Mean
Beta-506972	T1217H11	西周时期Western Zhou	炭化小麦Charred wheat	2570±30	2751-2710	2757-2518	2726
Beta-597450	T1418H3	王湾三期Wangwan III	木炭Charcoal	3680±30	4084-3934	4141-3910	4024
Beta-506974	T1117H31	西周时期Western Zhou	炭化黍Charred common millet	1730±30	1696-1571	1703-1544	1617
Beta-506973	T1418H2	王湾三期Wangwan III	炭化黍Charred common millet	1790±30	1716-1625	1744-1598	1714
Beta-597449	T1217H13	王湾三期Wangwan III	炭化黍Charred common millet	1730±30	1696-1571	1703-1544	1617

实验室编号 Lab No.	出土单位 Unit	推测时期 Speculated period	样品Material	¹⁴C dating (BP)	校正年代 Calibrated age (BP cal)
实验室编号 Lab No.	出土单位 Unit	推测时期 Speculated period	样品Material	¹⁴C dating (BP)	1σ(68.3%)	2σ (95.4%)	平均Mean
Beta-506972	T1217H11	西周时期Western Zhou	炭化小麦Charred wheat	2570±30	2751-2710	2757-2518	2726
Beta-597450	T1418H3	王湾三期Wangwan III	木炭Charcoal	3680±30	4084-3934	4141-3910	4024
Beta-506974	T1117H31	西周时期Western Zhou	炭化黍Charred common millet	1730±30	1696-1571	1703-1544	1617
Beta-506973	T1418H2	王湾三期Wangwan III	炭化黍Charred common millet	1790±30	1716-1625	1744-1598	1714
Beta-597449	T1217H13	王湾三期Wangwan III	炭化黍Charred common millet	1730±30	1696-1571	1703-1544	1617

农作物类型Crop type	王湾三期（10份样品） Wangwan III Culture			西周时期（24份样品） Western Zhou Dynasty			出土概率Frequency(%)
农作物类型Crop type	数量 Number(n)	百分比Percentage(%)	出土概率Frequency(%)	绝对数量Number(n)	百分比Percentage(%)	出土概率Frequency(%)	出土概率Frequency(%)
粟Setaria italica	24	43.6%	60%	96	52.2%	75%	71%
黍Panicum miliaceum	28	50.9%	50%	58	31.5%	29%	35%
小麦Triticum aestivum	2	3.6%	10%	30	16.3%	29%	24%
水稻Oryza sativa	1	1.8%	10%	0	0	0	3%

农作物类型Crop type	王湾三期（10份样品） Wangwan III Culture			西周时期（24份样品） Western Zhou Dynasty			出土概率Frequency(%)
农作物类型Crop type	数量 Number(n)	百分比Percentage(%)	出土概率Frequency(%)	绝对数量Number(n)	百分比Percentage(%)	出土概率Frequency(%)	出土概率Frequency(%)
粟Setaria italica	24	43.6%	60%	96	52.2%	75%	71%
黍Panicum miliaceum	28	50.9%	50%	58	31.5%	29%	35%
小麦Triticum aestivum	2	3.6%	10%	30	16.3%	29%	24%
水稻Oryza sativa	1	1.8%	10%	0	0	0	3%

植物科属Genera	王湾三期Wangwan III	西周时期Western Zhou	合计Total
粟Setaria italica	24	96	120
黍Panicum miliaceum	28	58	86
水稻Oryza sativa	1		1
小麦Triticum aestivum	2	30	32
黍亚科Panicoideae		2	2
藜科Chenopodiaceae		2	2
苋科Amaranthaceae	2	3	5
唇形科Labiatae	2	4	6
大戟科Euphorbiaceae		3	3
十字花科Cruciferae		1	1
飘拂草属Fimbristylis sp.		2	2
葡萄属Vitis sp.	1	1	2
茜草属Rubia sp.		1	1
构树Broussonetia papyrifera		2	2
野大豆?Glycine soja		1	1
合计Total	60	208	268