C and N stable isotopes of human remains from the Xiazhai site of Xichuan, Henan Province

doi:10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2023.0064

Abstract

Abstract:

Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis of human remains from the Xiazhai site revealed dietary features of pre-history populations dated to different periods. The Late-Yangshao individuals (δ¹³C=-10.2±1.4‰, δ¹⁵N=9.4±0.5‰, n=19) ate a millet-based diet similar to that of the contemporary people on the Central Plains. On the same site, the Shijiahe people (δ¹³C=-13.6±2.1‰, δ¹⁵N=9.5±0.9‰, n=28) ate both millet and rice, and their dietary features displayed evident variation because of the different nitrogen isotopic features between rice and dry crops. Millet played the role of main staple food again during the Late-Longshan and Erlitou period (mean δ¹³C=-9.9±1.2‰, n=21). These results indicate that cultural transition had significantly affected the local agricultural system and human diet. The changing roles of millet and rice also reflect the alternating influences from the Yellow River culture and the Yangtze River culture.

Key words: Xichuan Xiazhai, Yangshao, Shijiahe, Longshan, stable isotope analysis

CLC Number:

Q987

ZHOU Ligang, CAO Yanpeng, CHU Xiaolong, SUN Lei. C and N stable isotopes of human remains from the Xiazhai site of Xichuan, Henan Province[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2024, 43(03): 405-414.

Figures/Tables 6

References 28

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年代Date	编号Sample No.	性别Sex	年龄Age	δ¹³C(‰)	C%	δ¹⁵N(‰)	N%	胶原产出Collagen yield	C/N
仰韶晚期Late Yangshao	M67	男?	20±	-9.6‰	40.0%	9.4‰	14.2%	3.5%	3.3
仰韶晚期Late Yangshao	M68	不详	成年	-9.7‰	42.1%	9.6‰	15.3%	3.8%	3.2
	M71	不详	成年	-9.8‰	42.0%	10.3‰	15.2%	2.4%	3.2
	M108	男?	35±	-9.2‰	41.8%	8.7‰	15.0%	2.1%	3.2
	M115	男?	50~55	-12.2‰	43.0%	10.5‰	15.4%	4.0%	3.3
	M128	不详	成年	-9.1‰	41.9%	8.4‰	15.0%	2.8%	3.3
	M129	男	35~40	-9.9‰	40.5%	9.6‰	14.5%	1.8%	3.3
	M132	不详	成年	-9.6‰	42.6%	9.4‰	15.2%	3.0%	3.3
	M138	不详	25~30	-9.5‰	42.3%	9.5‰	15.0%	2.9%	3.3
	M143	男?	成年	-9.3‰	41.7%	9.4‰	15.3%	4.0%	3.2
	M146	不详	成年	-9.7‰	44.6%	9.6‰	15.9%	4.7%	3.3
	M149	不详	成年	-9.3‰	42.1%	9.4‰	15.2%	3.8%	3.2
	M152	男	35~40	-9.1‰	41.8%	9.6‰	15.1%	3.8%	3.2
	M156	男	35±	-9.6‰	43.4%	9.9‰	15.4%	4.1%	3.3
	M179	男	成年	-12.3‰	42.7%	9.2‰	15.3%	3.1%	3.2
	M182	男	25~30	-14.5‰	43.1%	8.9‰	15.5%	1.1%	3.2
	M209	不详	25~30	-9.9‰	42.1%	8.6‰	15.0%	2.9%	3.3
	M212	男?	25±	-10.7‰	41.4%	9.1‰	15.1%	1.3%	3.2
	M213	女	35±	-11.3‰	42.5%	9.3‰	15.1%	4.1%	3.3
石家河Shijiahe	M86	不详	35±	-11.2‰	42.9%	8.8‰	15.5%	9.0%	3.2
	M123	女?	成年	-13.0‰	39.9%	9.1‰	14.4%	6.7%	3.2
	M124	男?	35±	-14.8‰	44.4%	9.5‰	16.2%	2.0%	3.2
	M126	男	40±	-12.9‰	39.8%	9.4‰	14.3%	10.8%	3.2
	M135	女	50±	-11.8‰	42.0%	8.7‰	15.5%	7.1%	3.2
	M137	男?	35~40	-14.0‰	43.9%	9.1‰	15.7%	8.9%	3.3
	M154	不详	8±	-13.6‰	42.9%	8.3‰	15.2%	5.0%	3.3
	M185	男	40±	-9.7‰	42.6%	8.8‰	15.4%	4.6%	3.2
	M187	不详	25±	-16.0‰	41.8%	10.3‰	14.8%	4.3%	3.3
	M190	女?	30±	-16.0‰	42.6%	10.3‰	15.2%	5.7%	3.3
	M191	不详	不详	-15.1‰	42.5%	9.9‰	15.3%	6.2%	3.3
	M193	不详	20±	-14.0‰	41.5%	9.3‰	14.8%	5.1%	3.3
	M194	不详	25±	-13.0‰	28.9%	9.5‰	10.5%	1.0%	3.2
	M196	不详	不详	-11.3‰	42.2%	7.9‰	15.3%	8.5%	3.2
	M198	不详	成年	-15.6‰	41.0%	10.4‰	15.0%	14.6%	3.2
	M200	不详	成年	-12.6‰	42.7%	9.5‰	15.5%	12.2%	3.2
	M201	不详	成年	-13.3‰	42.6%	9.6‰	15.3%	4.7%	3.2
	M203	男	20±	-17.3‰	42.9%	10.3‰	15.2%	3.9%	3.3
	M214	男	40±	-12.5‰	42.8%	8.7‰	15.5%	6.1%	3.2
	M215	女	35±	-14.1‰	42.4%	9.7‰	15.5%	7.1%	3.2
	M232	女	45±	-9.5‰	43.4%	7.9‰	15.5%	10.9%	3.3
	M239	男	60+	-10.1‰	41.7%	8.6‰	15.1%	6.9%	3.2
	M66	男?	25±	-13.8‰	60.1%	11.2‰	21.7%	7.5%	3.2
	M69	女?	30±	-18.7‰	42.4%	10.2‰	15.4%	3.6%	3.2
	M145	不详	成年	-13.4‰	42.3%	10.1‰	15.3%	2.6%	3.2
	M207	男	45~50	-14.5‰	42.5%	10.9‰	15.3%	3.4%	3.2
	M216	男	30±	-13.8‰	43.6%	9.4‰	15.2%	2.0%	3.3
	M218	男	45±	-15.8‰	42.5%	11.2‰	15.5%	2.2%	3.2

年代Date	编号Sample No.	性别Sex	年龄Age	δ¹³C(‰)	C%	δ¹⁵N(‰)	N%	胶原产出Collagen yield	C/N
仰韶晚期Late Yangshao	M67	男?	20±	-9.6‰	40.0%	9.4‰	14.2%	3.5%	3.3
仰韶晚期Late Yangshao	M68	不详	成年	-9.7‰	42.1%	9.6‰	15.3%	3.8%	3.2
	M71	不详	成年	-9.8‰	42.0%	10.3‰	15.2%	2.4%	3.2
	M108	男?	35±	-9.2‰	41.8%	8.7‰	15.0%	2.1%	3.2
	M115	男?	50~55	-12.2‰	43.0%	10.5‰	15.4%	4.0%	3.3
	M128	不详	成年	-9.1‰	41.9%	8.4‰	15.0%	2.8%	3.3
	M129	男	35~40	-9.9‰	40.5%	9.6‰	14.5%	1.8%	3.3
	M132	不详	成年	-9.6‰	42.6%	9.4‰	15.2%	3.0%	3.3
	M138	不详	25~30	-9.5‰	42.3%	9.5‰	15.0%	2.9%	3.3
	M143	男?	成年	-9.3‰	41.7%	9.4‰	15.3%	4.0%	3.2
	M146	不详	成年	-9.7‰	44.6%	9.6‰	15.9%	4.7%	3.3
	M149	不详	成年	-9.3‰	42.1%	9.4‰	15.2%	3.8%	3.2
	M152	男	35~40	-9.1‰	41.8%	9.6‰	15.1%	3.8%	3.2
	M156	男	35±	-9.6‰	43.4%	9.9‰	15.4%	4.1%	3.3
	M179	男	成年	-12.3‰	42.7%	9.2‰	15.3%	3.1%	3.2
	M182	男	25~30	-14.5‰	43.1%	8.9‰	15.5%	1.1%	3.2
	M209	不详	25~30	-9.9‰	42.1%	8.6‰	15.0%	2.9%	3.3
	M212	男?	25±	-10.7‰	41.4%	9.1‰	15.1%	1.3%	3.2
	M213	女	35±	-11.3‰	42.5%	9.3‰	15.1%	4.1%	3.3
石家河Shijiahe	M86	不详	35±	-11.2‰	42.9%	8.8‰	15.5%	9.0%	3.2
	M123	女?	成年	-13.0‰	39.9%	9.1‰	14.4%	6.7%	3.2
	M124	男?	35±	-14.8‰	44.4%	9.5‰	16.2%	2.0%	3.2
	M126	男	40±	-12.9‰	39.8%	9.4‰	14.3%	10.8%	3.2
	M135	女	50±	-11.8‰	42.0%	8.7‰	15.5%	7.1%	3.2
	M137	男?	35~40	-14.0‰	43.9%	9.1‰	15.7%	8.9%	3.3
	M154	不详	8±	-13.6‰	42.9%	8.3‰	15.2%	5.0%	3.3
	M185	男	40±	-9.7‰	42.6%	8.8‰	15.4%	4.6%	3.2
	M187	不详	25±	-16.0‰	41.8%	10.3‰	14.8%	4.3%	3.3
	M190	女?	30±	-16.0‰	42.6%	10.3‰	15.2%	5.7%	3.3
	M191	不详	不详	-15.1‰	42.5%	9.9‰	15.3%	6.2%	3.3
	M193	不详	20±	-14.0‰	41.5%	9.3‰	14.8%	5.1%	3.3
	M194	不详	25±	-13.0‰	28.9%	9.5‰	10.5%	1.0%	3.2
	M196	不详	不详	-11.3‰	42.2%	7.9‰	15.3%	8.5%	3.2
	M198	不详	成年	-15.6‰	41.0%	10.4‰	15.0%	14.6%	3.2
	M200	不详	成年	-12.6‰	42.7%	9.5‰	15.5%	12.2%	3.2
	M201	不详	成年	-13.3‰	42.6%	9.6‰	15.3%	4.7%	3.2
	M203	男	20±	-17.3‰	42.9%	10.3‰	15.2%	3.9%	3.3
	M214	男	40±	-12.5‰	42.8%	8.7‰	15.5%	6.1%	3.2
	M215	女	35±	-14.1‰	42.4%	9.7‰	15.5%	7.1%	3.2
	M232	女	45±	-9.5‰	43.4%	7.9‰	15.5%	10.9%	3.3
	M239	男	60+	-10.1‰	41.7%	8.6‰	15.1%	6.9%	3.2
	M66	男?	25±	-13.8‰	60.1%	11.2‰	21.7%	7.5%	3.2
	M69	女?	30±	-18.7‰	42.4%	10.2‰	15.4%	3.6%	3.2
	M145	不详	成年	-13.4‰	42.3%	10.1‰	15.3%	2.6%	3.2
	M207	男	45~50	-14.5‰	42.5%	10.9‰	15.3%	3.4%	3.2
	M216	男	30±	-13.8‰	43.6%	9.4‰	15.2%	2.0%	3.3
	M218	男	45±	-15.8‰	42.5%	11.2‰	15.5%	2.2%	3.2

遗址Site	样本数量Samples(n)	δ¹³C	δ¹⁵N	参考文献Reference
郑州西山Xishan in Zhengzhou	39	-8.2‰±1.5‰	9.0‰±0.8‰	[23]
灵宝西坡Xipo in Lingbao	31	-9.7‰±1.1‰	9.4‰±1.0‰	[23]
淅川下寨Xiazhai in Xichuan	19	-10.2‰±1.4‰	9.4‰±0.5‰
淅川沟湾Gouwan in Xichuan	7	-14.5‰±1.9‰	8.6‰±0.7‰	[24]

遗址Site	样本数量Samples(n)	δ¹³C	δ¹⁵N	参考文献Reference
郑州西山Xishan in Zhengzhou	39	-8.2‰±1.5‰	9.0‰±0.8‰	[23]
灵宝西坡Xipo in Lingbao	31	-9.7‰±1.1‰	9.4‰±1.0‰	[23]
淅川下寨Xiazhai in Xichuan	19	-10.2‰±1.4‰	9.4‰±0.5‰
淅川沟湾Gouwan in Xichuan	7	-14.5‰±1.9‰	8.6‰±0.7‰	[24]

遗存年代Date of remains	样本Samples(n)	δ¹³C	δ¹⁵N
仰韶晚期LateYangshao period	19	-10.2‰±1.4‰	9.4‰±0.5‰
石家河文化时期Shijiahe period	28	-13.6‰±2.1‰	9.5‰±0.9‰
龙山晚期到二里头Late Longshan to Erlitou period^[21]	21	-9.9‰±1.2‰	8.2‰±0.7‰