Abstract: The Miaozigou site a very important Neolithic cultural site is located on the southern hillside of Miaozigou village, Uraharura township, Qahar Youyi Qianqi, Inner Mongolia. In this study, we examine Miaozigou human paleodiet using stable isotopic ratios of carbon and nitrogen in bone collagen. Nitrogen isotopic ratios show that the ancient inhabitants of Miaozigou ate both animal and plant products. Carbon isotope ratios show that most plant products came from C4 plants. It is significant to note that the economy of the Miaozigou site is mainly agriculture with a considerable component of hunting and animal breeding.

Key words: Neolithic; Miaozigou; Stable carbon isotopes; Stable nitrogen isotopes; Paleodiet