Acta Anthropologica Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (05): 801-810.doi: 10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2020.0049
• Research Articles • Previous Articles Next Articles
YU Keli1(), XIANG Xiaoxue1, LI Yonglan2, ZHANG Hongming1, DU Huimin1
Received:
2019-07-01
Revised:
2020-01-07
Online:
2021-10-15
Published:
2020-11-02
CLC Number:
YU Keli, XIANG Xiaoxue, LI Yonglan, ZHANG Hongming, DU Huimin. A study of physical characteristics of the Sherpas[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2021, 40(05): 801-810.
Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX
URL: https://www.anthropol.ac.cn/EN/10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2020.0049
指标 Variable | 男Male | 女Female | u值 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
头长(head length) | 187.7±6.2 | 184.0±5.6 | -4.2** | ||
头宽(head breadth) | 155.4±5.5 | 151.9±5.1 | -4.5** | ||
额最小宽(min. frontal breadth) | 109.2±5.6 | 106.6±5.2 | -3.2** | ||
面宽(face breadth) | 142.9±5.9 | 137.4±5.4 | -6.5** | ||
下颌角间宽(bigonial breadth) | 111.8±5.7 | 107.4±7.2 | -4.6** | ||
眼内角间宽(interocular breadth) | 33.7±2.9 | 32.6±3.1 | -2.3* | ||
眼外角间宽(external biocular breadth) | 93.6±6.1 | 90.2±5.6 | -3.9** | ||
鼻宽(nose breadth) | 38.0±2.8 | 35.4±2.9 | -6.2** | ||
口裂宽(mouth breadth) | 49.7±3.7 | 47.2±3.6 | -4.6** | ||
容貌面高(physiognomic facial ht) | 189.5±7.6 | 182.9±8.2 | -5.6** | ||
形态面高(morphological facial ht) | 118.3±6.5 | 112.8±6.0 | -6.0** | ||
鼻高(nose height) | 49.3±3.8 | 45.7±3.6 | -6.6** | ||
鼻长(nose length) | 45.8±3.7 | 42.1±3.3 | -7.0** | ||
上唇皮肤部高度(upper lip height) | 14.7±2.4 | 13.6±2.6 | -3.1** | ||
唇高(lip height) | 15.8±3.2 | 15.4±2.6 | -0.9 | ||
红唇厚度(thickness of lips) | 7.8±2.7 | 7.5±2.3 | -0.7 | ||
容貌耳长(physiognomic ear length) | 59.9±5.1 | 53.4±5.6 | -8.1** | ||
容貌耳宽(physiognomic ear breafth) | 36.2±4.0 | 33.9±4.0 | -3.8** | ||
耳上头高(auricular height) | 120.3±9.3 | 117.7±9.4 | -1.9 | ||
身高(stature) | 1609.4±52.8 | 1516.2±45.3 | -12.8** | ||
耳屏点高(tragion height) | 1489.1±51.3 | 1399.4±44.0 | -12.7** | ||
胸上缘高(suprasternal height) | 1321.3±46.1 | 1251.8±39.8 | -10.9** | ||
肩峰点高(acromion height) | 1310.1±46.7 | 1245.7±41.1 | -9.9** | ||
桡骨点高(radiale height) | 1006.3±38.2 | 960.3±31.8 | -8.9** | ||
茎突点高(radialestylion height) | 769.2±32.8 | 736.3±30.0 | -7.0** | ||
中指指尖点高(middle finger tip ht) | 596.6±31.4 | 580.3±26.3 | -3.8** | ||
髂前上棘点高(iliospinale anterior ht) | 898.4±32.4 | 866.6±34.0 | -6.4** | ||
胫骨上点高(tibial height) | 417.8±20.8 | 398.9±17.2 | -6.7** | ||
内踝下点高(height of foot) | 53.4±3.8 | 49.1±3.9 | -7.5** | ||
坐高(sitting height) | 846.8±35.1 | 805.0±33.9 | -8.1** | ||
躯干前高(ht.sup. notch above sit. plane) | 558.7±31.0 | 540.6±36.5 | -3.6** | ||
肩宽(shoulder breadth) | 365.9±17.6 | 334.3±16.0 | -12.6** | ||
骨盆宽(crestailiaca breadth) | 258.5±15.8 | 258.5±15.0 | 0.0 | ||
上肢全长(upper extremity length) | 713.4±26.2 | 666.5±35.8 | -9.9** | ||
全臂长(total arm length) | 540.9±23.6 | 508.6±28.7 | -8.2** | ||
上臂长(upper arm length) | 303.8±17.2 | 286.6±25.5 | -5.2** | ||
前臂长(forearm length) | 237.2±16.8 | 223.9±18.6 | -5.0** | ||
下肢全长(lower extremity length) | 866.8±30.6 | 842.2±31.7 | -5.3** | ||
全腿长(total leg length) | 811.2±30.6 | 784.8±32.0 | -5.7** | ||
大腿长(thigh length) | 447.0±24.7 | 435.4±29.8 | -2.8** | ||
小腿长(leg length) | 364.3±20.3 | 349.8±17.1 | -5.2** | ||
肱骨内外上髁间径(biep. breadth of humerus) | 64.7±3.4 | 60.7±6.3 | -5.3** | ||
股骨内外上髁间径(biep. breadth of femur) | 90.3±4.7 | 85.4±5.2 | -6.6** | ||
体质量(body weight)(kg) | 57.0±6.9 | 53.3±7.0 | -3.6** |
Tab.1 The measurement results of head, face and body of Sherpas (X±D)
指标 Variable | 男Male | 女Female | u值 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
头长(head length) | 187.7±6.2 | 184.0±5.6 | -4.2** | ||
头宽(head breadth) | 155.4±5.5 | 151.9±5.1 | -4.5** | ||
额最小宽(min. frontal breadth) | 109.2±5.6 | 106.6±5.2 | -3.2** | ||
面宽(face breadth) | 142.9±5.9 | 137.4±5.4 | -6.5** | ||
下颌角间宽(bigonial breadth) | 111.8±5.7 | 107.4±7.2 | -4.6** | ||
眼内角间宽(interocular breadth) | 33.7±2.9 | 32.6±3.1 | -2.3* | ||
眼外角间宽(external biocular breadth) | 93.6±6.1 | 90.2±5.6 | -3.9** | ||
鼻宽(nose breadth) | 38.0±2.8 | 35.4±2.9 | -6.2** | ||
口裂宽(mouth breadth) | 49.7±3.7 | 47.2±3.6 | -4.6** | ||
容貌面高(physiognomic facial ht) | 189.5±7.6 | 182.9±8.2 | -5.6** | ||
形态面高(morphological facial ht) | 118.3±6.5 | 112.8±6.0 | -6.0** | ||
鼻高(nose height) | 49.3±3.8 | 45.7±3.6 | -6.6** | ||
鼻长(nose length) | 45.8±3.7 | 42.1±3.3 | -7.0** | ||
上唇皮肤部高度(upper lip height) | 14.7±2.4 | 13.6±2.6 | -3.1** | ||
唇高(lip height) | 15.8±3.2 | 15.4±2.6 | -0.9 | ||
红唇厚度(thickness of lips) | 7.8±2.7 | 7.5±2.3 | -0.7 | ||
容貌耳长(physiognomic ear length) | 59.9±5.1 | 53.4±5.6 | -8.1** | ||
容貌耳宽(physiognomic ear breafth) | 36.2±4.0 | 33.9±4.0 | -3.8** | ||
耳上头高(auricular height) | 120.3±9.3 | 117.7±9.4 | -1.9 | ||
身高(stature) | 1609.4±52.8 | 1516.2±45.3 | -12.8** | ||
耳屏点高(tragion height) | 1489.1±51.3 | 1399.4±44.0 | -12.7** | ||
胸上缘高(suprasternal height) | 1321.3±46.1 | 1251.8±39.8 | -10.9** | ||
肩峰点高(acromion height) | 1310.1±46.7 | 1245.7±41.1 | -9.9** | ||
桡骨点高(radiale height) | 1006.3±38.2 | 960.3±31.8 | -8.9** | ||
茎突点高(radialestylion height) | 769.2±32.8 | 736.3±30.0 | -7.0** | ||
中指指尖点高(middle finger tip ht) | 596.6±31.4 | 580.3±26.3 | -3.8** | ||
髂前上棘点高(iliospinale anterior ht) | 898.4±32.4 | 866.6±34.0 | -6.4** | ||
胫骨上点高(tibial height) | 417.8±20.8 | 398.9±17.2 | -6.7** | ||
内踝下点高(height of foot) | 53.4±3.8 | 49.1±3.9 | -7.5** | ||
坐高(sitting height) | 846.8±35.1 | 805.0±33.9 | -8.1** | ||
躯干前高(ht.sup. notch above sit. plane) | 558.7±31.0 | 540.6±36.5 | -3.6** | ||
肩宽(shoulder breadth) | 365.9±17.6 | 334.3±16.0 | -12.6** | ||
骨盆宽(crestailiaca breadth) | 258.5±15.8 | 258.5±15.0 | 0.0 | ||
上肢全长(upper extremity length) | 713.4±26.2 | 666.5±35.8 | -9.9** | ||
全臂长(total arm length) | 540.9±23.6 | 508.6±28.7 | -8.2** | ||
上臂长(upper arm length) | 303.8±17.2 | 286.6±25.5 | -5.2** | ||
前臂长(forearm length) | 237.2±16.8 | 223.9±18.6 | -5.0** | ||
下肢全长(lower extremity length) | 866.8±30.6 | 842.2±31.7 | -5.3** | ||
全腿长(total leg length) | 811.2±30.6 | 784.8±32.0 | -5.7** | ||
大腿长(thigh length) | 447.0±24.7 | 435.4±29.8 | -2.8** | ||
小腿长(leg length) | 364.3±20.3 | 349.8±17.1 | -5.2** | ||
肱骨内外上髁间径(biep. breadth of humerus) | 64.7±3.4 | 60.7±6.3 | -5.3** | ||
股骨内外上髁间径(biep. breadth of femur) | 90.3±4.7 | 85.4±5.2 | -6.6** | ||
体质量(body weight)(kg) | 57.0±6.9 | 53.3±7.0 | -3.6** |
指数Variable | 男Male | 女Female | u值 |
---|---|---|---|
头长宽(length- breadth index of head) | 82.9±3.3 | 82.6±3.2 | -0.5 |
头长高(length-height index of head) | 64.1±5.2 | 63.9±5.2 | -0.4 |
头宽高(breadth-height index of head) | 77.4±5.7 | 77.6±6.2 | 0.2 |
容貌面(physiognomic facial index) | 132.8±7.2 | 133.3±6.9 | 0.4 |
形态面(morphological facial index) | 82.9±5.1 | 82.2±4.6 | -1.1 |
头面宽(transverse cephalo-facial index) | 92.0±3.4 | 90.5±3.5 | -2.9** |
头面高(vertical cephalo-facial index) | 98.9±9.1 | 96.8±9.4 | -1.5 |
鼻(height-breadth index of nose) | 77.4±7.8 | 77.9±8.3 | 0.4 |
口(lip index) | 31.9±6.9 | 32.8±5.7 | 0.9 |
容貌耳(physiognomic index of ear) | 60.6±6.9 | 63.9±7.4 | 3.1** |
身高坐高(stature-sitting height index) | 52.6±1.5 | 53.1±1.9 | 1.9 |
身高体质量(stature-weight index) | 353.7±37.8 | 351.4±42.2 | -0.4 |
身高肩宽(stature-shoulder breadth index) | 22.7±0.9 | 22.1±1.0 | -4.9** |
身高骨盆宽(stature -cristal index) | 16.1±0.9 | 17.1±1.0 | 6.8** |
马氏躯干腿长(Manouvriers’ skelic index) | 90.2±5.5 | 88.3±6.1 | -2.2* |
坐高下身长(Sitting height-lower extremity length index) | 1.1±0.1 | 1.1±0.1 | 1.9 |
BMI | 22.0±2.2 | 23.2±2.7 | 3.2** |
Tab.2 The indices of head, face and body of Sherpas (±S)
指数Variable | 男Male | 女Female | u值 |
---|---|---|---|
头长宽(length- breadth index of head) | 82.9±3.3 | 82.6±3.2 | -0.5 |
头长高(length-height index of head) | 64.1±5.2 | 63.9±5.2 | -0.4 |
头宽高(breadth-height index of head) | 77.4±5.7 | 77.6±6.2 | 0.2 |
容貌面(physiognomic facial index) | 132.8±7.2 | 133.3±6.9 | 0.4 |
形态面(morphological facial index) | 82.9±5.1 | 82.2±4.6 | -1.1 |
头面宽(transverse cephalo-facial index) | 92.0±3.4 | 90.5±3.5 | -2.9** |
头面高(vertical cephalo-facial index) | 98.9±9.1 | 96.8±9.4 | -1.5 |
鼻(height-breadth index of nose) | 77.4±7.8 | 77.9±8.3 | 0.4 |
口(lip index) | 31.9±6.9 | 32.8±5.7 | 0.9 |
容貌耳(physiognomic index of ear) | 60.6±6.9 | 63.9±7.4 | 3.1** |
身高坐高(stature-sitting height index) | 52.6±1.5 | 53.1±1.9 | 1.9 |
身高体质量(stature-weight index) | 353.7±37.8 | 351.4±42.2 | -0.4 |
身高肩宽(stature-shoulder breadth index) | 22.7±0.9 | 22.1±1.0 | -4.9** |
身高骨盆宽(stature -cristal index) | 16.1±0.9 | 17.1±1.0 | 6.8** |
马氏躯干腿长(Manouvriers’ skelic index) | 90.2±5.5 | 88.3±6.1 | -2.2* |
坐高下身长(Sitting height-lower extremity length index) | 1.1±0.1 | 1.1±0.1 | 1.9 |
BMI | 22.0±2.2 | 23.2±2.7 | 3.2** |
指数Index | 类型Type | 男Male | 女Female | 合计Total | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
头长宽 length- breadth index of head | 长头型dolichocephaly (71.0-75.9) | 1 | 1.0% | 3 | 3.6% | 4 | 2.2% |
中头型mesocephaly (76.0-80.9) | 28 | 28.6% | 21 | 25.0% | 49 | 26.9% | |
圆头型brachycephaly (81.0-85.4) | 42 | 42.9% | 50 | 59.5% | 92 | 50.5% | |
特圆头型hyperbrachycephaly (85.5-90.9) | 27 | 27.6% | 9 | 10.7% | 36 | 19.8% | |
超圆头型ultrabrachycephaly (≥91.0) | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 1.2% | 1 | 0.5% | |
头长高 length-height index of head | 低头型chamaecephalic type (≤57.9) | 13 | 13.3% | 11 | 13.1% | 24 | 13.2% |
正头型orthocephalic type (58.0-62.9) | 23 | 23.5% | 26 | 31.0% | 49 | 26.9% | |
高头型hypsicephalic type (≥63.0) | 62 | 63.3% | 47 | 56.0% | 109 | 59.9% | |
头宽高mbreadth-height index of head | 阔头型tapeinocephalic type (≤78.9) | 57 | 58.2% | 50 | 59.5% | 107 | 58.8% |
中头型metriocephalic type (79.0-84.9) | 34 | 34.7% | 28 | 33.3% | 62 | 34.1% | |
狭头型aerocephalic type (≥85.0) | 7 | 7.1% | 6 | 7.1% | 13 | 7.1% | |
形态面morphological facial index | 超阔面型hypereuryprosopy (male≤78.9, female≤75.9) | 17 | 17.4% | 15 | 17.9% | 32 | 17.6% |
阔面型euryprosopy (male 79.0-83.9, female 76.0-80.9) | 46 | 46.9% | 13 | 15.5% | 59 | 32.4% | |
中面型Mesoprosopy (male 84.0-87.9, female 81.0-84.9) | 18 | 18.4% | 33 | 39.3% | 51 | 28.0% | |
狭面型Leptoprosopy (male 88.0-92.9, female 85.0-89.9) | 14 | 14.3% | 20 | 23.8% | 34 | 18.7% | |
超狭面型hyperleptoprosopy (male≥93.0, female≥90.0) | 3 | 3.1% | 3 | 3.6% | 6 | 3.3% | |
鼻 height-breadth index of nose | 超狭鼻型hyperleptorrhiny (40.0-54.9) | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
狭鼻型leptorrhiny (55.0-69.9) | 19 | 19.4% | 13 | 15.5% | 32 | 17.6% | |
中鼻型mesorrhiny (70.0-84.9) | 60 | 61.2% | 53 | 63.1% | 113 | 62.1% | |
阔鼻型chamaerrhiny (85.0-99.9) | 19 | 19.4% | 18 | 21.4% | 37 | 20.3% | |
身高坐高 stature-sitting height index | 短躯干型short trunk (male≤51.0, female≤52.0) | 12 | 12.2% | 20 | 23.8% | 32 | 17.6% |
中躯干型middle trunk (male 51.1-53.0, female 52.1-54.0) | 43 | 43.9% | 46 | 54.8% | 89 | 48.9% | |
长躯干型long trunk (male≥53.1, female≥54.1) | 43 | 43.9% | 18 | 21.4% | 61 | 33.5% | |
马氏躯干腿长Manouvriers’ skelic index | 超短腿型hyperbrachyskelic type (≤74.9) | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 2.4% | 2 | 1.1% |
短腿型brachyskelic type (75.0-79.9) | 3 | 3.1% | 1 | 1.2% | 4 | 2.2% | |
亚短腿型subbrachyskelic type (80.0-84.9) | 9 | 9.2% | 15 | 17.9% | 24 | 13.2% | |
中腿型mesatiskelic type (85.0-89.9) | 39 | 39.8% | 32 | 38.1% | 71 | 39.0% | |
亚长腿型submakroskelic type (90.0-94.9) | 29 | 29.6% | 26 | 31.0% | 55 | 30.2% | |
长腿型makroskelic type (95.0-99.9) | 13 | 13.3% | 8 | 9.5% | 21 | 11.5% | |
超长腿型hypermakroskelic type (≥100.0) | 5 | 5.1% | 0 | 0.0 | 5 | 2.7% | |
身高肩宽stature-shoulder breadth index | 窄肩型narrow shoulder breadth (male≤21.9, female ≤21.4) | 19 | 19.4% | 23 | 27.4% | 42 | 23.1% |
中肩型medium shoulder breadth (male22.0-23.0,female 21.5-22.5) | 37 | 37.8% | 33 | 39.3% | 70 | 38.5% | |
宽肩型broad shoulder breadth (male≥23.1, female ≥22.6) | 42 | 42.9% | 28 | 33.3% | 70 | 38.5% | |
身高骨盆宽stature -cristal index | 窄骨盆型narrow distance between iliac crests (male ≤16.4, female≤17.4) | 64 | 65.3% | 54 | 64.3% | 118 | 64.8% |
中骨盆型medium distance between iliac crests (male 16.5-17.5, female 17.5-18.5) | 26 | 26.5% | 24 | 28.6% | 50 | 27.5% | |
宽骨盆型broad distance between iliac crests (male ≥17.6, female ≥18.6) | 8 | 8.2% | 6 | 7.1% | 14 | 7.7% | |
身高类型stature type | 很矮shortest (male≤1499, female≤1399) | 1 | 1.0% | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 0.5% |
矮short (male 1500-1599, female 1400-1489) | 43 | 43.9% | 22 | 26.2% | 65 | 35.7% | |
亚中等sub-middle (male 1600-1639, female 1490-1529) | 22 | 22.5% | 26 | 31.0% | 48 | 26.4% | |
中等middle (male 1640-1669, female 1530-1559) | 19 | 19.4% | 25 | 29.8% | 44 | 24.2% | |
超中等 super medium (male 1670-1699, female 1560-1589) | 10 | 10.2% | 6 | 7.1% | 16 | 8.8% | |
高tall (male 1700-1799, female 1590-1679) | 3 | 3.1% | 5 | 6.0% | 8 | 4.4% | |
很高tallest (male≥1800, female≥1680) | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
Tab.3 The classifcation of indices of head, face, body and stature of Sherpas
指数Index | 类型Type | 男Male | 女Female | 合计Total | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
头长宽 length- breadth index of head | 长头型dolichocephaly (71.0-75.9) | 1 | 1.0% | 3 | 3.6% | 4 | 2.2% |
中头型mesocephaly (76.0-80.9) | 28 | 28.6% | 21 | 25.0% | 49 | 26.9% | |
圆头型brachycephaly (81.0-85.4) | 42 | 42.9% | 50 | 59.5% | 92 | 50.5% | |
特圆头型hyperbrachycephaly (85.5-90.9) | 27 | 27.6% | 9 | 10.7% | 36 | 19.8% | |
超圆头型ultrabrachycephaly (≥91.0) | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 1.2% | 1 | 0.5% | |
头长高 length-height index of head | 低头型chamaecephalic type (≤57.9) | 13 | 13.3% | 11 | 13.1% | 24 | 13.2% |
正头型orthocephalic type (58.0-62.9) | 23 | 23.5% | 26 | 31.0% | 49 | 26.9% | |
高头型hypsicephalic type (≥63.0) | 62 | 63.3% | 47 | 56.0% | 109 | 59.9% | |
头宽高mbreadth-height index of head | 阔头型tapeinocephalic type (≤78.9) | 57 | 58.2% | 50 | 59.5% | 107 | 58.8% |
中头型metriocephalic type (79.0-84.9) | 34 | 34.7% | 28 | 33.3% | 62 | 34.1% | |
狭头型aerocephalic type (≥85.0) | 7 | 7.1% | 6 | 7.1% | 13 | 7.1% | |
形态面morphological facial index | 超阔面型hypereuryprosopy (male≤78.9, female≤75.9) | 17 | 17.4% | 15 | 17.9% | 32 | 17.6% |
阔面型euryprosopy (male 79.0-83.9, female 76.0-80.9) | 46 | 46.9% | 13 | 15.5% | 59 | 32.4% | |
中面型Mesoprosopy (male 84.0-87.9, female 81.0-84.9) | 18 | 18.4% | 33 | 39.3% | 51 | 28.0% | |
狭面型Leptoprosopy (male 88.0-92.9, female 85.0-89.9) | 14 | 14.3% | 20 | 23.8% | 34 | 18.7% | |
超狭面型hyperleptoprosopy (male≥93.0, female≥90.0) | 3 | 3.1% | 3 | 3.6% | 6 | 3.3% | |
鼻 height-breadth index of nose | 超狭鼻型hyperleptorrhiny (40.0-54.9) | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
狭鼻型leptorrhiny (55.0-69.9) | 19 | 19.4% | 13 | 15.5% | 32 | 17.6% | |
中鼻型mesorrhiny (70.0-84.9) | 60 | 61.2% | 53 | 63.1% | 113 | 62.1% | |
阔鼻型chamaerrhiny (85.0-99.9) | 19 | 19.4% | 18 | 21.4% | 37 | 20.3% | |
身高坐高 stature-sitting height index | 短躯干型short trunk (male≤51.0, female≤52.0) | 12 | 12.2% | 20 | 23.8% | 32 | 17.6% |
中躯干型middle trunk (male 51.1-53.0, female 52.1-54.0) | 43 | 43.9% | 46 | 54.8% | 89 | 48.9% | |
长躯干型long trunk (male≥53.1, female≥54.1) | 43 | 43.9% | 18 | 21.4% | 61 | 33.5% | |
马氏躯干腿长Manouvriers’ skelic index | 超短腿型hyperbrachyskelic type (≤74.9) | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 2.4% | 2 | 1.1% |
短腿型brachyskelic type (75.0-79.9) | 3 | 3.1% | 1 | 1.2% | 4 | 2.2% | |
亚短腿型subbrachyskelic type (80.0-84.9) | 9 | 9.2% | 15 | 17.9% | 24 | 13.2% | |
中腿型mesatiskelic type (85.0-89.9) | 39 | 39.8% | 32 | 38.1% | 71 | 39.0% | |
亚长腿型submakroskelic type (90.0-94.9) | 29 | 29.6% | 26 | 31.0% | 55 | 30.2% | |
长腿型makroskelic type (95.0-99.9) | 13 | 13.3% | 8 | 9.5% | 21 | 11.5% | |
超长腿型hypermakroskelic type (≥100.0) | 5 | 5.1% | 0 | 0.0 | 5 | 2.7% | |
身高肩宽stature-shoulder breadth index | 窄肩型narrow shoulder breadth (male≤21.9, female ≤21.4) | 19 | 19.4% | 23 | 27.4% | 42 | 23.1% |
中肩型medium shoulder breadth (male22.0-23.0,female 21.5-22.5) | 37 | 37.8% | 33 | 39.3% | 70 | 38.5% | |
宽肩型broad shoulder breadth (male≥23.1, female ≥22.6) | 42 | 42.9% | 28 | 33.3% | 70 | 38.5% | |
身高骨盆宽stature -cristal index | 窄骨盆型narrow distance between iliac crests (male ≤16.4, female≤17.4) | 64 | 65.3% | 54 | 64.3% | 118 | 64.8% |
中骨盆型medium distance between iliac crests (male 16.5-17.5, female 17.5-18.5) | 26 | 26.5% | 24 | 28.6% | 50 | 27.5% | |
宽骨盆型broad distance between iliac crests (male ≥17.6, female ≥18.6) | 8 | 8.2% | 6 | 7.1% | 14 | 7.7% | |
身高类型stature type | 很矮shortest (male≤1499, female≤1399) | 1 | 1.0% | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 0.5% |
矮short (male 1500-1599, female 1400-1489) | 43 | 43.9% | 22 | 26.2% | 65 | 35.7% | |
亚中等sub-middle (male 1600-1639, female 1490-1529) | 22 | 22.5% | 26 | 31.0% | 48 | 26.4% | |
中等middle (male 1640-1669, female 1530-1559) | 19 | 19.4% | 25 | 29.8% | 44 | 24.2% | |
超中等 super medium (male 1670-1699, female 1560-1589) | 10 | 10.2% | 6 | 7.1% | 16 | 8.8% | |
高tall (male 1700-1799, female 1590-1679) | 3 | 3.1% | 5 | 6.0% | 8 | 4.4% | |
很高tallest (male≥1800, female≥1680) | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
指标Variable | 男性Male | 女性Female | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PC-I | PC-II | PC-III | PC-I | PC-II | PC-III | |
头长(head length) | 0.366 | -0.307 | 0.804 | 0.217 | -0.264 | 0.851 |
头宽(head breadth) | 0.839 | -0.191 | -0.368 | 0.770 | -0.357 | -0.193 |
额最小宽(min. frontal breadth) | 0.536 | -0.354 | -0.371 | 0.511 | -0.483 | -0.235 |
面宽(face breadth) | 0.798 | -0.316 | 0.175 | 0.790 | -0.327 | 0.328 |
形态面高(morphological facial ht) | 0.661 | 0.662 | -0.012 | 0.559 | 0.718 | -0.146 |
鼻高(nose height) | 0.275 | 0.768 | -0.367 | 0.234 | 0.758 | -0.473 |
鼻宽(nose breadth) | -0.133 | 0.642 | 0.671 | -0.081 | 0.678 | 0.655 |
口裂宽(mouth breadth) | 0.116 | 0.817 | -0.054 | -0.022 | 0.790 | 0.183 |
眼内角间宽(interocular breadth) | 0.099 | -0.027 | 0.061 | 0.038 | 0.105 | -0.123 |
身高(stature) | 0.931 | 0.211 | -0.119 | 0.927 | 0.287 | -0.067 |
坐高(sitting height) | 0.872 | 0.237 | 0.126 | 0.850 | 0.348 | 0.137 |
肩宽(shoulder breadth) | 0.721 | -0.387 | -0.093 | 0.839 | -0.177 | -0.178 |
骨盆宽(crestailiaca breadth) | 0.796 | -0.083 | 0.428 | 0.791 | -0.108 | 0.221 |
Tab.4 Contribution rate of 17 ethnic groups principal component analysis
指标Variable | 男性Male | 女性Female | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PC-I | PC-II | PC-III | PC-I | PC-II | PC-III | |
头长(head length) | 0.366 | -0.307 | 0.804 | 0.217 | -0.264 | 0.851 |
头宽(head breadth) | 0.839 | -0.191 | -0.368 | 0.770 | -0.357 | -0.193 |
额最小宽(min. frontal breadth) | 0.536 | -0.354 | -0.371 | 0.511 | -0.483 | -0.235 |
面宽(face breadth) | 0.798 | -0.316 | 0.175 | 0.790 | -0.327 | 0.328 |
形态面高(morphological facial ht) | 0.661 | 0.662 | -0.012 | 0.559 | 0.718 | -0.146 |
鼻高(nose height) | 0.275 | 0.768 | -0.367 | 0.234 | 0.758 | -0.473 |
鼻宽(nose breadth) | -0.133 | 0.642 | 0.671 | -0.081 | 0.678 | 0.655 |
口裂宽(mouth breadth) | 0.116 | 0.817 | -0.054 | -0.022 | 0.790 | 0.183 |
眼内角间宽(interocular breadth) | 0.099 | -0.027 | 0.061 | 0.038 | 0.105 | -0.123 |
身高(stature) | 0.931 | 0.211 | -0.119 | 0.927 | 0.287 | -0.067 |
坐高(sitting height) | 0.872 | 0.237 | 0.126 | 0.850 | 0.348 | 0.137 |
肩宽(shoulder breadth) | 0.721 | -0.387 | -0.093 | 0.839 | -0.177 | -0.178 |
骨盆宽(crestailiaca breadth) | 0.796 | -0.083 | 0.428 | 0.791 | -0.108 | 0.221 |
[1] | 武保林, 聂金甜. 夏尔巴人研究综述[J]. 西藏研究, 2017(5):29-34 |
[2] | 张丽丽, 卓玛. 日喀则定结县陈塘镇夏尔巴人特色产业发展路径研究[J]. 经贸实践, 2018(9):16-17 |
[3] | 陈乃文. 夏尔巴人源流探索[J]. 中央民族学院学报, 1983(4): 44-47+23 |
[4] | 席焕久, 陈昭. 人体测量方法[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2010: 145-200 |
[5] | 邵象清. 人体测量手册[M]. 上海: 上海辞书出版社, 1985 |
[6] | 郑连斌, 陆舜华, 张兴华, 等. 珞巴族与门巴族的体质特征[J]. 人类学学报, 2009, 28(4):401-407 |
[7] | 宇克莉, 杜慧敏, 贾亚兰. 布朗族的体质特征[J]. 解剖学杂志, 2017, 40(5):574-602 |
[8] | 李明, 李跃敏, 余发昌, 等. 云南拉祜族的体质特征研究[J]. 人类学学报, 2001, 20(1):39-44 |
[9] | 张兴华, 杨亚军, 王子善, 等. 中国八甲人与空格人的体质特征[J]. 人类学学报, 2017, 36(2):268-279 |
[10] | 宇克莉, 王子善, 张兴华, 等. 尔苏人与木雅人身体成分分析[J]. 天津师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2018, 38(1):70-75 |
[11] | 张兴华, 宇克莉, 杨亚军, 等. 中国白马人的体质特征[J]. 人类学学报, 2020, 39(1):143-151 |
[12] | 宇克莉, 董文静, 李咏兰, 等. 四川凉山彝族的人体测量学[J]. 人类学学报, 2018, 37(3):478-483 |
[13] | 李晶, 李珊, 宇克莉, 等. 羌族的体质特征[J]. 解剖学杂志, 2018, 41(4): 440-445+486 |
[14] | 郑连斌, 李咏兰, 席焕久, 等. 中国汉族体质人类学研究[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2018 |
[15] | 李咏兰, 郑连斌. 中国蒙古族体质人类学研究[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2018 |
[16] | 陆舜华, 郑连斌, 索利娅, 等. 俄罗斯族体质特征分析[J]. 人类学学报, 2005, 24(4):291-300 |
[17] | 崔静, 邵兴周, 王静兰, 等. 新疆哈萨克族体质特征调查[J]. 人类学学报, 1991, 10(4):303-313 |
[18] | 艾琼华, 肖辉, 赵建新, 等. 维吾尔族的体质特征研究[J]. 人类学学报, 1993, 12(4):357-365 |
[19] | 宋红潮, 梁友芳. 身高的遗传学研究概况[J]. 中国临床新医学, 2018, 11(11):1160-1163 |
[20] | 王文初. 环境因素对汉族学生身高影响作用的主成分回归分析[A].见:中国体育科学学会体质研究分会.2010年“科学健身与增强体质”论文集[C]. 中国体育科学学会体质研究分会:中国体育科学学会, 2010: 6 |
[21] |
Wells JCK. Ecogeographical associations between climate and human body composition: Analyses based on anthropometry and skinfolds[J]. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 2012, 147(2):169-186
doi: 10.1002/ajpa.21591 URL |
[22] |
Sushil B, Zhang XM, Cui CY, et al. Sherpas share genetic variations with Tibetans for high-altitude adaptation[J]. Mol Genet Genomic Med, 2017, 5(1):76-84
doi: 10.1002/mgg3.2017.5.issue-1 URL |
[23] |
Gupta R, Basu A. Variations in body dimensions in relation to altitude among the Sherpas of the eastern Himalayas[J]. Ann Hum Biol, 1981, 8(2):145-152
pmid: 7247343 |
[24] | 陈立明. 藏族与门巴族珞巴族历史关系简论[J]. 西藏民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2009, 30(6):28-33 |
[25] | 张洪波, 高放, 康龙丽, 等. 西藏门巴族人群HLA-A、B和DRB1基因座多态性[J]. 中华医学遗传学杂志, 2005, 22(3):344-346 |
[26] | 康龙丽. 西藏珞巴族HLA-DRB1基因多态性[J]. 中南大学学报(医学版), 2005, 30(2):135-139 |
[27] | 切排, 桑代吉. 夏尔巴人的历史与现状调查[J]. 西北民族研究, 2006(1):64-74 |
[28] | 陈锋. 西藏世居人群的母系遗传多样性和夏尔巴人遗传特征[D]. 咸阳:西藏民族学院, 2014 |
[29] | 郑连斌, 陆舜华. 我国23个群体体质的聚类分析与主成分分析[J]. 人类学学报, 1997, 16(2):66-73 |
[30] | 黎彦才, 胡兴宇, 汪澜. 中国33个少数民族(部族)体质特征的比较研究[J]. 人类学学报, 1993, 12(1):49-54 |
[1] | ZHENG Lianbin. A review of anthropometry research in China [J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2024, 43(04): 529-535. |
[2] | LYU Jingyi, XIAO Yao, YU Keli, CHENG Zhi, NIE Haobo, GAO Xinying, YAO Yuetong, BAO Jinping, ZHENG Lianbin, ZHANG Xinghua. Physical characteristics of the Huangyi Va people in China [J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2024, 43(04): 549-560. |
[3] | ZHANG Xinghua, XIAO Yao, YAN Kanweng, YU Yingxiang, GAO Wenfang, BAO Jinping, CHENG Zhi, GAO Xinying, YAO Yuetong, LIU Xin, YU Keli. Physical characteristics of the Manmi people in China [J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2024, 43(04): 561-573. |
[4] | YU Keli, ZHANG Xinghua, CHENG Zhi, ZHENG Lianbin. Head and facial characteristics and their differences among different peoples in China [J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2024, 43(04): 574-585. |
[5] | LI Yonglan, YU Huixin, ZHENG Lianbin. The research process of Chinese anthropometry in the past forty years [J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2023, 42(01): 149-160. |
[6] | LI Yonglan, ZHENG Lianbin. Body indexes of the Chinese population [J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2022, 41(05): 848-861. |
[7] | BAO Jinping, YU Keli, LI Yonglan, LI Chong, ZHANG Xinghua, ZHENG Lianbin. A study of Weizang and Kham Tibetans’ somatotype by Heath-Carter method [J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2021, 40(05): 834-846. |
[8] | XI Huanjiu, LI Wenhui, LIU Yingying. Application of anthropometry in study of overweight and obesity [J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2021, 40(02): 328-345. |
[9] | BAO Jinping, ZHENG Lianbin, YU Keli, JIA Yalan. The physical characteristics and its changes of Jino in 35 years [J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2021, 40(02): 261-271. |
[10] | ZHANG Xinghua, YU Keli, YANG Yajun, JIN Dan, REN Jiayi, DONG Wenjing, WEI Yu, ZHENG Lianbin. A study of physical characteristics of the Baima people in China [J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2020, 39(01): 143-151. |
[11] | YU Keli, REN Jiayi, LI Yonglan, ZHENG Lianbin. Physical characteristics of the Lingao people [J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2019, 38(02): 276-284. |
[12] | PI Jianhui, TAN Juan, XIANG Debiao, LIU Liangke, WU Yizhong, LEI Mingzhi. Current and historical physical conditions of the Dong people in Hunan Province [J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2018, 37(01): 138-145. |
[13] | YU Keli, ZHENG Lianbin, LI Yonglan. Ethnographic type of Dai in Xishuangbanna: Data from anthropometrics [J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2017, 36(04): 553-560. |
[14] | TU Chunjing, JIANG Chongmin, CAI Rui. Physical characteristics of Uygur and Han adults in Karamay, the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region [J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2017, 36(03): 370-379. |
[15] | WANG Bin, YANG Shengmin. Uygur ethnic composition and evolution based on incidences of typical Mongoloid physical characteristics [J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2017, 36(02): 227-235. |
Viewed | ||||||
Full text |
|
|||||
Abstract |
|
|||||