Structural properties of humeral remains from Jianping, Liaoning province

doi:10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2020.0069

Abstract

Abstract:

In 1957, one humeral diaphysis of human (PA103) was discovered in Jianping couty, Liaoning province, northern China. According to the comparison of mammal fossils from the same layer, PA103 could be attributed to Late Pleistocene. This specimen has been described in detail. Given the scarcity of upper limb fossil of Late Pleistocene humans from East Asia, a more detailed comparative study is warranted. Here, we provide a comparative assessment of Jianping PA103 humeral inner morphology. Specifically, we analyze the diaphyseal structure of PA103 using micro-computed tomography coupled with methods of cross-sectional geometry and morphometric maps. Cross-sectional properties, continuous cortical bone thickness, and continuous bone strength of PA103 are compared to those of Neandetrals, Middle and Upper Paleolithic modern humans. The PA103 were found to be similar to those of Late Upper Paleolithic in cross-sectional shape of midshaft and biomechanical robusticity. The individual represented by PA103 is more similar to the non-dominant side of comtemporary samples, i.e. biomechanical robusticity and shape index at midshaft. Although the distribution pattern of cortical bone thickness and bone strength in modern human is similar, the cortical thickness of the humeral diaphysis do not seem to correlate strongly with bone strength. Thus, caution is warranted when equating the cortical thickness of a long bone diaphysis to its overall strength.

Key words: Jianping hominin, humeral diaphysis, Biomechanics, Morphometric, Late Pleistocene

CLC Number:

Q981

WEI Pianpian, ZHAO Yuhao, HE Jianing. Structural properties of humeral remains from Jianping, Liaoning province[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2021, 40(06): 943-954.

Figures/Tables 10

References 22

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分组/Group	标本号/No.
尼安德特人/ Neandertals	La Chapelle-aux-S. 1, La Ferrassie 1, La Ferrassie 2, Kebara 2, Lezetxiki 1, Palomas 92, Palomas 96, La Quina 5, Regourdou 1, St.-Césaire 1, Shanidar 3, Shanidar 4, Shanidar 6, Spy 2, Tabun 1
旧石器中期现代人/ Middle Paleolithic modern humans	Qafzeh 8, Qafzeh 9, Skhul 2, Skhul 4, Skhul 5
旧石器晚期早/中段现代人/ Early/Middle Upper Paleolithic	Barma Grande 5, Bausu da Ture 2, Cro-Magnon 4294, Cro-Magnon 4293, Dolní Věstonice 3, Dolní Věstonice 13, Dolní Věstonice 14, Dolní Věstonice 16, Grotte-des-Enfants 4, Grotte-des-Enfants 5, Mladeč 24, Mittlere Klause 1, Nazlet Khater 2, Nahal En'Gev 1, Ostuni 1, Paglicci 25, Pataud 3, Pataud 5, Paviland 1, Pavlov 1, Předmostí 3, Předmostí 4, Předmostí 9, Předmostí 10, Předmostí 14, Sunghir 1, Tianyuan1
欧亚大陆西部旧石器晚期晚段现代人/ Western Eurasia Late Upper Paleolithic	Arene Candide 2, Arene Candide 3, Arene Candide 4, Arene Candide 5, Arene Candide 10, Arene Candide 12, Arene Candide 14, Cap Blanc 1, Chancelade 1, Continenza 1, Ein Gev 1, Farincourt 1, Lafaye 1, Laugerie Basse unn., Madeleine 1, Mataha F-81, Neve David 1, Oberkassel 2, Ohalo 2, Peyrat 5, Placard 16, Romanelli 1, Romanelli 4, Romito 1, Romito 3, Romito 4, St-Germain-la-R. 4, San Teodoro 1, Villabruna 1
欧亚大陆东部旧石器晚期晚段现代人/ Eastern Eurasia Late Upper Paleolithic	Minatogawa 1, Minatogawa 2, Minatogawa 3, Minatogawa 4, Tam Hang 2, Tam Hang 3, Tam Hang 7, Tam Hang 11, Tam Hang 13, Tam Hang 14
非洲北部旧石器晚期晚段现代人/ North Africa Late Upper Paleolithic	Afalou 1, Afalou 2, Afalou 3, Afalou 10, Afalou 11, Afalou 13, Afalou 25, Afalou 27, Afalou 28, Sahaba 10, Sahaba 16, Sahaba 19, Sahaba 20, Sahaba 22, Sahaba 25, Sahaba 28, Sahaba 38, Sahaba 39, Sahaba 40, Sahaba 102, Wadi Halfa 1, Wadi Halfa 3, Wadi Halfa 11, Wadi Halfa 12, Wadi Halfa 14, Wadi Halfa 24, Wadi Halfa 25, Wadi Halfa 26, Wadi Halfa 28, Wadi Halfa 31, Wadi Halfa 32, Wadi Halfa 34, Wadi Halfa 36, Wadi Halfa 37

分组/Group	标本号/No.
尼安德特人/ Neandertals	La Chapelle-aux-S. 1, La Ferrassie 1, La Ferrassie 2, Kebara 2, Lezetxiki 1, Palomas 92, Palomas 96, La Quina 5, Regourdou 1, St.-Césaire 1, Shanidar 3, Shanidar 4, Shanidar 6, Spy 2, Tabun 1
旧石器中期现代人/ Middle Paleolithic modern humans	Qafzeh 8, Qafzeh 9, Skhul 2, Skhul 4, Skhul 5
旧石器晚期早/中段现代人/ Early/Middle Upper Paleolithic	Barma Grande 5, Bausu da Ture 2, Cro-Magnon 4294, Cro-Magnon 4293, Dolní Věstonice 3, Dolní Věstonice 13, Dolní Věstonice 14, Dolní Věstonice 16, Grotte-des-Enfants 4, Grotte-des-Enfants 5, Mladeč 24, Mittlere Klause 1, Nazlet Khater 2, Nahal En'Gev 1, Ostuni 1, Paglicci 25, Pataud 3, Pataud 5, Paviland 1, Pavlov 1, Předmostí 3, Předmostí 4, Předmostí 9, Předmostí 10, Předmostí 14, Sunghir 1, Tianyuan1
欧亚大陆西部旧石器晚期晚段现代人/ Western Eurasia Late Upper Paleolithic	Arene Candide 2, Arene Candide 3, Arene Candide 4, Arene Candide 5, Arene Candide 10, Arene Candide 12, Arene Candide 14, Cap Blanc 1, Chancelade 1, Continenza 1, Ein Gev 1, Farincourt 1, Lafaye 1, Laugerie Basse unn., Madeleine 1, Mataha F-81, Neve David 1, Oberkassel 2, Ohalo 2, Peyrat 5, Placard 16, Romanelli 1, Romanelli 4, Romito 1, Romito 3, Romito 4, St-Germain-la-R. 4, San Teodoro 1, Villabruna 1
欧亚大陆东部旧石器晚期晚段现代人/ Eastern Eurasia Late Upper Paleolithic	Minatogawa 1, Minatogawa 2, Minatogawa 3, Minatogawa 4, Tam Hang 2, Tam Hang 3, Tam Hang 7, Tam Hang 11, Tam Hang 13, Tam Hang 14
非洲北部旧石器晚期晚段现代人/ North Africa Late Upper Paleolithic	Afalou 1, Afalou 2, Afalou 3, Afalou 10, Afalou 11, Afalou 13, Afalou 25, Afalou 27, Afalou 28, Sahaba 10, Sahaba 16, Sahaba 19, Sahaba 20, Sahaba 22, Sahaba 25, Sahaba 28, Sahaba 38, Sahaba 39, Sahaba 40, Sahaba 102, Wadi Halfa 1, Wadi Halfa 3, Wadi Halfa 11, Wadi Halfa 12, Wadi Halfa 14, Wadi Halfa 24, Wadi Halfa 25, Wadi Halfa 26, Wadi Halfa 28, Wadi Halfa 31, Wadi Halfa 32, Wadi Halfa 34, Wadi Halfa 36, Wadi Halfa 37

肱骨骨干横断面位置	截面总面积 S_t(mm²)	骨密质面积 S_c(mm²)	前后侧截面惯性矩 I_x (mm⁴)	内外侧截面惯性矩 I_y (mm⁴)	最大截面惯性矩 I_max(mm⁴)	最小截面惯性矩 I_min (mm⁴)	前后侧截面抵抗矩 Z_x (mm³)	内外侧截面抵抗矩 Z_y (mm³)	极截面惯性矩 J (mm⁴)	极截面抵抗拒 Z_p (mm³)
35%	268.6	210.9	5857.1	5339.9	5858.9	5338.1	559.4	522.3	11197.0	1059.9
50%	299.5	222.9	7891.4	6029.1	8611.7	5308.8	716.1	578.1	13920.5	1247.4
65%	333.0	236.3	8869.7	7497.0	9481.7	6885.0	799.3	695.1	16366.7	1425.3

肱骨骨干横断面位置	截面总面积 S_t(mm²)	骨密质面积 S_c(mm²)	前后侧截面惯性矩 I_x (mm⁴)	内外侧截面惯性矩 I_y (mm⁴)	最大截面惯性矩 I_max(mm⁴)	最小截面惯性矩 I_min (mm⁴)	前后侧截面抵抗矩 Z_x (mm³)	内外侧截面抵抗矩 Z_y (mm³)	极截面惯性矩 J (mm⁴)	极截面抵抗拒 Z_p (mm³)
35%	268.6	210.9	5857.1	5339.9	5858.9	5338.1	559.4	522.3	11197.0	1059.9
50%	299.5	222.9	7891.4	6029.1	8611.7	5308.8	716.1	578.1	13920.5	1247.4
65%	333.0	236.3	8869.7	7497.0	9481.7	6885.0	799.3	695.1	16366.7	1425.3

标本Specimens	35%生物力学粗壮度J（标准化）		50%生物力学粗壮度J（标准化）
标本Specimens	利手侧Handy	不利手侧Not handy	利手侧Handy	不利手侧Not handy
PA103	11.3		14.0
Nea	19.8±0.7(3)^b	10.8±3.2(4)	24.9±4.0(2)	14.6±3.7(2)
MPMH	5.3±2.6(2)	5.6(1)	7.5(1)	5.8(1)
EUP	11.6±4.1(10)	9.8±2.6(12)	12.7±3.2(11)	10.2±2.3(11)
WEL	17.0±5.0(19)	12.3±4.2(16)	21.0±5.8(14)	14.2±3.4(14)
EEL	13.4±2.1(9)	11.5±2.4(7)	15.9±3.4(6)	14.2±3.4(6)
NAL	14.4±4.0(22)	10.7±2.4(23)	16.0±4.0 (23)	12.9±3.3 (23)
K-W^b P	0.002 (H=19.082, f (d)=5)	0.199 (H=7.298, f (d)=5)	0.001 (H=21.474, f (d)=5)	0.016(H=13.872, f (d)=5)