Acta Anthropologica Sinica ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (01): 121-134.doi: 10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2020.0077
• Excavation/Investigation Reports • Previous Articles Next Articles
MU Zhanxiong1,2(), CHEN Guoke3, DU Shuisheng1,4(), WANG Hui3,5
Received:
2020-04-24
Online:
2022-02-15
Published:
2020-12-08
Contact:
DU Shuisheng
E-mail:394324536@qq.com;ssdu@bnu.edu.cn
CLC Number:
MU Zhanxiong, CHEN Guoke, DU Shuisheng, WANG Hui. A preliminary report of the 2018 excavation at the Loufangzi site in Huan county, Gansu province[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2022, 41(01): 121-134.
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URL: https://www.anthropol.ac.cn/EN/10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2020.0077
层位Layers | 石核Cores | 石片Flakes | 石器Tools | 石锤Hammers | 断块断片Chunks | 备料 Raw materials | 总计Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
第14层 | 325 | 72 | 521 | 11 | 1394 | 39 | 2362 |
第15层 | 332 | 46 | 1904 | 1 | 18318 | 535 | 21136 |
采集collection | 25 | 2 | 163 | 0 | 1338 | 10 | 1538 |
合计Total | 682 | 120 | 2588 | 12 | 21050 | 584 | 25036 |
Tab.1 Stone artifacts from lower cultural layer (unit: n)
层位Layers | 石核Cores | 石片Flakes | 石器Tools | 石锤Hammers | 断块断片Chunks | 备料 Raw materials | 总计Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
第14层 | 325 | 72 | 521 | 11 | 1394 | 39 | 2362 |
第15层 | 332 | 46 | 1904 | 1 | 18318 | 535 | 21136 |
采集collection | 25 | 2 | 163 | 0 | 1338 | 10 | 1538 |
合计Total | 682 | 120 | 2588 | 12 | 21050 | 584 | 25036 |
类别 Type | 石英砂岩 Quartz sandstone | 硅质灰岩Siliceous limestone | 脉石英Vein quartz | 砂岩 Sandstone | 燧石 Flint | 玛瑙Agate | 片麻岩Gneiss | 合计Total n | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
石核 | 429 | 62.90 | 157 | 23.02 | 27 | 3.96 | 8 | 1.17 | 59 | 8.65 | 1 | 0.15 | 1 | 0.15 | 682 |
石片 | 85 | 70.83 | 22 | 18.33 | 3 | 2.50 | 2 | 1.67 | 8 | 6.67 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 120 |
石器 | 1334 | 51.55 | 750 | 28.98 | 136 | 5.26 | 50 | 1.93 | 286 | 11.05 | 31 | 1.20 | 1 | 0.04 | 2588 |
石锤 | 3 | 25.00 | 8 | 66.67 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 8.33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 |
备料 | 318 | 54.45 | 230 | 39.38 | 31 | 5.31 | 5 | 0.86 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 584 |
断块/片 | 11887 | 56.47 | 7535 | 35.80 | 1067 | 5.07 | 476 | 2.26 | 83 | 0.39 | 2 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 21050 |
合计 | 14056 | 56.14 | 8702 | 34.76 | 1264 | 5.05 | 542 | 2.16 | 436 | 1.74 | 34 | 0.14 | 2 | 0.01 | 25036 |
Tab.2 Raw materials of stone artifacts from lower cultural layer
类别 Type | 石英砂岩 Quartz sandstone | 硅质灰岩Siliceous limestone | 脉石英Vein quartz | 砂岩 Sandstone | 燧石 Flint | 玛瑙Agate | 片麻岩Gneiss | 合计Total n | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
石核 | 429 | 62.90 | 157 | 23.02 | 27 | 3.96 | 8 | 1.17 | 59 | 8.65 | 1 | 0.15 | 1 | 0.15 | 682 |
石片 | 85 | 70.83 | 22 | 18.33 | 3 | 2.50 | 2 | 1.67 | 8 | 6.67 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 120 |
石器 | 1334 | 51.55 | 750 | 28.98 | 136 | 5.26 | 50 | 1.93 | 286 | 11.05 | 31 | 1.20 | 1 | 0.04 | 2588 |
石锤 | 3 | 25.00 | 8 | 66.67 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 8.33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 |
备料 | 318 | 54.45 | 230 | 39.38 | 31 | 5.31 | 5 | 0.86 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 584 |
断块/片 | 11887 | 56.47 | 7535 | 35.80 | 1067 | 5.07 | 476 | 2.26 | 83 | 0.39 | 2 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 21050 |
合计 | 14056 | 56.14 | 8702 | 34.76 | 1264 | 5.05 | 542 | 2.16 | 436 | 1.74 | 34 | 0.14 | 2 | 0.01 | 25036 |
类型 Type | 数量Quantity(n) | 片疤数 Number of scars(n) | 剥片范围Splittings range | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
总数 Tot | 平均数 Avg | <30% | 30%-49% | 50%-69% | 70%-89% | 90%-100% | ||
单台面石核 | 248 | 939 | 3.8 | 84 | 99 | 50 | 15 | 0 |
双台面石核 | 252 | 1413 | 5.6 | 43 | 91 | 79 | 36 | 2 |
单面盘状石核 | 77 | 484 | 6.37 | 0 | 14 | 57 | 6 | 0 |
双面盘状石核 | 19 | 200 | 10.53 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 11 | 6 |
多台面石核 | 86 | 786 | 9.14 | 1 | 19 | 30 | 28 | 8 |
Tab.3 Statistical of the core flaking technique from lowerculturallayer
类型 Type | 数量Quantity(n) | 片疤数 Number of scars(n) | 剥片范围Splittings range | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
总数 Tot | 平均数 Avg | <30% | 30%-49% | 50%-69% | 70%-89% | 90%-100% | ||
单台面石核 | 248 | 939 | 3.8 | 84 | 99 | 50 | 15 | 0 |
双台面石核 | 252 | 1413 | 5.6 | 43 | 91 | 79 | 36 | 2 |
单面盘状石核 | 77 | 484 | 6.37 | 0 | 14 | 57 | 6 | 0 |
双面盘状石核 | 19 | 200 | 10.53 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 11 | 6 |
多台面石核 | 86 | 786 | 9.14 | 1 | 19 | 30 | 28 | 8 |
石片Flake types | 台面形态Platform shapes | |||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
类型 | Ⅰ型 | Ⅱ型 | Ⅲ型 | Ⅳ型 | Ⅴ型 | Ⅵ型 | 点状 | 线状 | 柳叶形 | 三角形 | 四边形 | 不规则 | ||||||||||
n | 4 | 32 | 34 | 7 | 20 | 22 | 4 | 2 | 26 | 34 | 24 | 30 | ||||||||||
% | 3.36 | 26.89 | 28.57 | 5.88 | 16.81 | 18.5 | 3.33 | 1.67 | 21.67 | 28.33 | 20 | 25 | ||||||||||
台面Platformtypes | 横截面形态Cross section shapes | |||||||||||||||||||||
类型 | 自然 | 素 | 有疤 | 混合 | 线状 | 点状 | 修理 | 三角形 | 四边形 | 多边形 | 平凸 | 双凸 | ||||||||||
n | 63 | 27 | 20 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 37 | 30 | 34 | 9 | 10 | ||||||||||
% | 52.5 | 22.5 | 16.67 | 2.50 | 1.67 | 3.33 | 0.83 | 30.83 | 25 | 28.33 | 7.50 | 8.33 | ||||||||||
边缘形态Edge shapes | 末端形态Terminal shapes | |||||||||||||||||||||
类型 | 平行 | 近平行 | 汇聚 | 反汇聚 | 三角形 | 扇形 | 不规则 | 台阶状 | 羽状 | 腹向卷 | 背向卷 | 不确定 | ||||||||||
n | 12 | 48 | 19 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 33 | 45 | 49 | 13 | 1 | 12 | ||||||||||
% | 10 | 40 | 15.83 | 1.67 | 1.67 | 3.33 | 27.50 | 37.5 | 40.83 | 10.83 | 0.83 | 10 | ||||||||||
打击点Strike points | 打击泡Strike bubbles | 锥疤Cone scars | 放射线Radiation rays | 同心波纹Concentric ripples | ||||||||||||||||||
类型 | 明显 | 不明显 | 明显 | 不明显 | 一般 | 有 | 无 | 一般 | 明显 | 不明显 | 明显 | 不明显 | ||||||||||
n | 101 | 19 | 66 | 36 | 18 | 21 | 96 | 3 | 94 | 26 | 74 | 46 | ||||||||||
% | 84.17 | 15.83 | 55 | 30 | 15 | 17.5 | 80 | 2.5 | 78.33 | 21.67 | 61.67 | 38.33 |
Tab.4 Characteristics of flakes from lower cultural layer
石片Flake types | 台面形态Platform shapes | |||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
类型 | Ⅰ型 | Ⅱ型 | Ⅲ型 | Ⅳ型 | Ⅴ型 | Ⅵ型 | 点状 | 线状 | 柳叶形 | 三角形 | 四边形 | 不规则 | ||||||||||
n | 4 | 32 | 34 | 7 | 20 | 22 | 4 | 2 | 26 | 34 | 24 | 30 | ||||||||||
% | 3.36 | 26.89 | 28.57 | 5.88 | 16.81 | 18.5 | 3.33 | 1.67 | 21.67 | 28.33 | 20 | 25 | ||||||||||
台面Platformtypes | 横截面形态Cross section shapes | |||||||||||||||||||||
类型 | 自然 | 素 | 有疤 | 混合 | 线状 | 点状 | 修理 | 三角形 | 四边形 | 多边形 | 平凸 | 双凸 | ||||||||||
n | 63 | 27 | 20 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 37 | 30 | 34 | 9 | 10 | ||||||||||
% | 52.5 | 22.5 | 16.67 | 2.50 | 1.67 | 3.33 | 0.83 | 30.83 | 25 | 28.33 | 7.50 | 8.33 | ||||||||||
边缘形态Edge shapes | 末端形态Terminal shapes | |||||||||||||||||||||
类型 | 平行 | 近平行 | 汇聚 | 反汇聚 | 三角形 | 扇形 | 不规则 | 台阶状 | 羽状 | 腹向卷 | 背向卷 | 不确定 | ||||||||||
n | 12 | 48 | 19 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 33 | 45 | 49 | 13 | 1 | 12 | ||||||||||
% | 10 | 40 | 15.83 | 1.67 | 1.67 | 3.33 | 27.50 | 37.5 | 40.83 | 10.83 | 0.83 | 10 | ||||||||||
打击点Strike points | 打击泡Strike bubbles | 锥疤Cone scars | 放射线Radiation rays | 同心波纹Concentric ripples | ||||||||||||||||||
类型 | 明显 | 不明显 | 明显 | 不明显 | 一般 | 有 | 无 | 一般 | 明显 | 不明显 | 明显 | 不明显 | ||||||||||
n | 101 | 19 | 66 | 36 | 18 | 21 | 96 | 3 | 94 | 26 | 74 | 46 | ||||||||||
% | 84.17 | 15.83 | 55 | 30 | 15 | 17.5 | 80 | 2.5 | 78.33 | 21.67 | 61.67 | 38.33 |
刮削器Scrapers | 齿状器 Spur-like tool | 凹缺器Notches | 尖状器Points | 锯齿刃器 Denticulates | 钻 Borers | 鸟喙状器Becs | 砍砸器Choppers | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
加工方向 | 单向(条) | 1443 | 160 | 96 | 135 | 33 | 4 | 8 | 32 |
交互(条) | 172 | 17 | 9 | 16 | 1 | 14 | 1 | 5 | |
复向(条) | 92 | 19 | 9 | 7 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 3 | |
错向(件) | 91 | 13 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | |
两面(条) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | |
加工部位 | 左边(条) | 807 | 86 | 53 | 75 | 18 | 12 | 4 | 26 |
右边(条) | 784 | 92 | 56 | 67 | 10 | 12 | 3 | 13 | |
远端或根端(条) | 383 | 37 | 16 | 29 | 9 | 1 | 3 | 4 | |
近端或顶端(条) | 54 | 7 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | |
一周(件) | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
刃缘加工占比 | <50%(条) | 34 | 0 | 26 | 14 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 1 |
50%-75%(条) | 243 | 35 | 36 | 33 | 7 | 7 | 1 | 9 | |
75%-99%(条) | 126 | 30 | 12 | 10 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 3 | |
100%(条) | 1490 | 159 | 56 | 117 | 24 | 12 | 10 | 30 | |
刃角 | <50°(条) | 18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
50°-80°(条) | 1096 | 82 | 53 | 80 | 23 | 9 | 4 | 21 | |
≥80°(条) | 832 | 139 | 79 | 94 | 13 | 14 | 7 | 22 |
Tab.5 Characteristics of tools retouched edges from lower culture
刮削器Scrapers | 齿状器 Spur-like tool | 凹缺器Notches | 尖状器Points | 锯齿刃器 Denticulates | 钻 Borers | 鸟喙状器Becs | 砍砸器Choppers | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
加工方向 | 单向(条) | 1443 | 160 | 96 | 135 | 33 | 4 | 8 | 32 |
交互(条) | 172 | 17 | 9 | 16 | 1 | 14 | 1 | 5 | |
复向(条) | 92 | 19 | 9 | 7 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 3 | |
错向(件) | 91 | 13 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | |
两面(条) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | |
加工部位 | 左边(条) | 807 | 86 | 53 | 75 | 18 | 12 | 4 | 26 |
右边(条) | 784 | 92 | 56 | 67 | 10 | 12 | 3 | 13 | |
远端或根端(条) | 383 | 37 | 16 | 29 | 9 | 1 | 3 | 4 | |
近端或顶端(条) | 54 | 7 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | |
一周(件) | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
刃缘加工占比 | <50%(条) | 34 | 0 | 26 | 14 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 1 |
50%-75%(条) | 243 | 35 | 36 | 33 | 7 | 7 | 1 | 9 | |
75%-99%(条) | 126 | 30 | 12 | 10 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 3 | |
100%(条) | 1490 | 159 | 56 | 117 | 24 | 12 | 10 | 30 | |
刃角 | <50°(条) | 18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
50°-80°(条) | 1096 | 82 | 53 | 80 | 23 | 9 | 4 | 21 | |
≥80°(条) | 832 | 139 | 79 | 94 | 13 | 14 | 7 | 22 |
刮削器Scrapers | 齿状器 Spur-like tool | 凹缺器Notches | 尖状器 Points | 锯齿刃器Denticulates | 钻 Borers | 鸟喙状器Becs | 砍砸器Choppers | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
修疤深度 | 较浅(条) | 122 | 5 | 3 | 18 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
浅(条) | 853 | 48 | 50 | 79 | 1 | 10 | 7 | 8 | |
深(条) | 668 | 103 | 69 | 38 | 18 | 7 | 2 | 20 | |
较深(条) | 250 | 67 | 8 | 39 | 17 | 8 | 2 | 15 | |
修疤长短分布 | 边缘(条) | 113 | 15 | 6 | 13 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
半侵入(条) | 857 | 74 | 46 | 56 | 18 | 17 | 0 | 7 | |
侵入(条) | 919 | 134 | 78 | 103 | 15 | 9 | 10 | 32 | |
遮盖(条) | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
修疤形态 | 平行(条) | 140 | 11 | 3 | 4 | 10 | 3 | 0 | 1 |
台阶状(条) | 154 | 14 | 7 | 14 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 4 | |
近平行(条) | 530 | 43 | 7 | 41 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 8 | |
鳞状(条) | 1066 | 154 | 109 | 111 | 16 | 19 | 8 | 30 | |
不确定(条) | 3 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
修疤远端形态 | 不规则(条) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
不确定(条) | 4 | 1 | 4 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
弧形(条) | 1670 | 211 | 119 | 157 | 28 | 25 | 10 | 42 | |
平直(条) | 111 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | |
汇聚(条) | 106 | 7 | 5 | 4 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Tab.6 The features of retouched scars from the tools
刮削器Scrapers | 齿状器 Spur-like tool | 凹缺器Notches | 尖状器 Points | 锯齿刃器Denticulates | 钻 Borers | 鸟喙状器Becs | 砍砸器Choppers | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
修疤深度 | 较浅(条) | 122 | 5 | 3 | 18 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
浅(条) | 853 | 48 | 50 | 79 | 1 | 10 | 7 | 8 | |
深(条) | 668 | 103 | 69 | 38 | 18 | 7 | 2 | 20 | |
较深(条) | 250 | 67 | 8 | 39 | 17 | 8 | 2 | 15 | |
修疤长短分布 | 边缘(条) | 113 | 15 | 6 | 13 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
半侵入(条) | 857 | 74 | 46 | 56 | 18 | 17 | 0 | 7 | |
侵入(条) | 919 | 134 | 78 | 103 | 15 | 9 | 10 | 32 | |
遮盖(条) | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
修疤形态 | 平行(条) | 140 | 11 | 3 | 4 | 10 | 3 | 0 | 1 |
台阶状(条) | 154 | 14 | 7 | 14 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 4 | |
近平行(条) | 530 | 43 | 7 | 41 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 8 | |
鳞状(条) | 1066 | 154 | 109 | 111 | 16 | 19 | 8 | 30 | |
不确定(条) | 3 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
修疤远端形态 | 不规则(条) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
不确定(条) | 4 | 1 | 4 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
弧形(条) | 1670 | 211 | 119 | 157 | 28 | 25 | 10 | 42 | |
平直(条) | 111 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | |
汇聚(条) | 106 | 7 | 5 | 4 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
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