Reliability and upper age limit of luminescence dating for the Paleolithic and paleoanthropological sites

doi:10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2022.0032

Abstract

Abstract:

The development of the luminescence dating technique has made it one of the important dating tools for c onstructing the chronological framework of Paleolithic and palaeoanthropological sites, especially those related to modern humans. It has provided the earliest evidence for the appearance of modern humans in Africa, Asia, and Australia. Therefore, this dating method has attracted extensive attention from Paleolithic archaeologists and paleoanthropologists, especially on the reliability and upper age limit for this dating technique. Luminescence dating materials are ubiquitous quartz or potassium feldspar grains within archaeological deposits, which makes it to date any archaeological sites. In this paper, the basic principle of luminescence dating is briefly introduced, and its reliability and upper age limit, as well as their influencing factors, are reviewed. Literature data show that the precision (e.g., the relative standard error) of luminescence age is mainly related to the physical properties of dated samples and dose rates. The relative standard error(σ) of luminescence age is generally 5%-10%, but it could be <5% under some ideal conditions and sometimes >10% for some samples. A large number of studies have shown that luminescence ages are consistent with independent ages obtained from other dating methods, indicating that this technique is reliable and can be used to build the robust chronology of Paleolithic sites. The upper age limit of luminescence dating is determined by the luminescence properties of dated samples and environmental dose rates. At some sites, reliable luminescence ages up to 1 Ma have been obtained. The upper dating limit of 500 ka is feasible for sediment samples from the majority of Paleolithic sites, and this age range covers the entire period of modern humans. It should be noted that the luminescence properties of sediment samples vary widely from location to location, from sample to sample, and even from grain to grain. The most important of these properties include the stability of luminescence signals and the shape of the dose-response (growth) curve, which are demonstrated by the lifetime of luminescence signals and characteristic dose (D₀). The difference in luminescence properties between samples or grains results in different upper dating limits for different samples and even different grains. For the same sample, the upper luminescence age limit of quartz is generally lower than that of potassium feldspar. For the same mineral, different luminescence signals and procedures used to determine equivalent doses may result in different upper limits. Therefore, the upper age limit of luminescence dating is a relatively complicated issue, which depends on the sample’s location, luminescence behaviors, environmental dose rate, and analytical methods.

Key words: Paleolithic site, luminescence dating, reliability of luminescence ages, upper age limit of luminescence dating

CLC Number:

P597

ZHANG Jiafu. Reliability and upper age limit of luminescence dating for the Paleolithic and paleoanthropological sites[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2022, 41(04): 712-730.

Figures/Tables 8

Fig.1 Simple energy-band-model for luminescence processes (after reference [1,2])

Fig.2 The basic principle of luminescence dating of sediments PMT refers to photomultiplier; (a) Sediment grains are exposed to sunlight during transportation, their luminescence signals are bleached and zeroed. The grains are irradiated by α-particles, beta and gamma rays during the burial period (b), and the signals have been accumulated until sampling for OSL measurement.

Fig.3 Growth (dose-response) curves for quartz obtained using the single-aliquot regenerative-dose protocol (a) The curve is fitted using a single saturation exponential function. The OSL signal (I) is saturated when the regenerative dose (D) reaches 600 Gy, and the characteristic saturation dose (D0) of the curve is 112 Gy. The natural signal is projected onto the fitted growth curve to estimate the De value by interpolation. This sample (HS11-1) is fluvial sediment from the Huéscar-1 site in Spain[31,32]. (b) Growth curve was fitted using double saturating exponential function. The OSL signal increases with increasing dose when the dose was larger than 1500 Gy, the two characteristic saturation doses are 71 Gy and 828 Gy, respectively. This sample from the Panxian Dadong cave in Guizhou province[33]. (c) The effect of the slope of a growth curve on De error (see details in reference [26]). When the natural luminescence signals are close to the maximum level of the curve, the corresponding De obtained may be underestimated [34,35]

Fig.4 The normal or Gaussian distribution and standard deviation the age in the figure is an example; µ and σ refer to mean and standard deviation, respectively

Fig.5 Targets used to illustrate the difference between precision and accuracy µ and σ refer to mean and standard error, respectively

Fig.6 Comparison of potassium feldspar and quartz OSL ages with their corresponding independent ages obtained by other dating methods The lines in the figures are 1:1 lines or ratios, and the error bars for each data point refer to 1σ error. (a) The two-step pIRIR ages of potassium feldspar for 116 samples around the world, and (b) Multi-elevated-temperature (METor pMET) pIRIR ages of potassium feldspar from 45 samples from Europe and Asia, where Lx, Tx and Lx/Tx respectively represent regeneration-dose (or natural) OSL, test-dose OSL and sensitivity-corrected OSL signals (modified from reference [4]); (c) The quartz OSL ages of the 152 samples from all over the world. The samples are fluvial, eolian, ocean, and glacial sediments, which were well bleached prior to deposition. n = the number of samples, followed by the percentage of samples within ±2σ error of the 1:1 line (modified from reference [26])

Fig.7 The time range of hominin taxa currently recognized and the age range and luminescence dating Luminescence dating range: The double arrows indicate the approximate interval where reliable luminescence ages can be obtained (modified from reference [25])

Fig.8 Dose response curves for different luminescence signals from quartz and potassium feldspar and distribution of characteristic dose (D0)

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