Abstract: Data from population and family studies show that the human immunoglobulin Gm allo-types prove to be unique genetic markers in studies of human genetics, particularly in the characterization of different race or population determined by the differences in Gm haplotype composition and its frequency.
In this paper, a total of 5, 641 individuals from 40 populations were typed for Gma, f, x, b, and g factors. The genetic distances between 13 minorities (Zhuang, Uygur, Dong, Hui, Korean, Kazak, Bai, Tibetan, Mongolian, and Oroqen) and 27 Han populations were computed by Nei's method on the basis of Gm haplotype frequencies and a phylogenetic tree was constructed.
The conclusions were (1) The common Gm haplotype are afb, axg, a, and ag. The Gmfb haplotype is observed only in Uygur, Hui, and Kazak. (2) There is a parallel relationship between genetic distances and geographic distances for these populations. (3) The Gmafbhaplotype frequency increases sharply from north to south, and there is a concomitant sharp decrease in ag and axg frequencies. (4) A hypothesis was proposed by the author that the origin of the Chinese nation might exist in both of the Yellow River region and the Yangtze River region and the most likely boundary between the Southern and the Northern Chinese is near the thirty degrees north latitude.

Key words: Human population genetics; Gm allotypes; Chinese nation