Abstract: The enamel microstructure of 4 permanent teeth of Lufengpithecus lufengensis was observed with SEM. Perikymata were clearly shown on the entire crown surface, and the density of perikymata showed a gradual increase towards the cervix. Perikymata counts were 172 for I1 , 151 for I2 , 128 for I1 , 161 for low er canine, and crown formation time was estimated respectively as 3. 8, 3. 4, 3. 0 and 3. 6 years based on a 7-days-periodicity of perikymata.
Compared with fossil hominids, modern humans and apes, crown formation time of Lufengpithecus lufengensis is nearer to that of Australopithecus afarensis and Australopithecus africanus, and longer than that of Australopithecus robustus and Australopithecus boisei. The pattern of compactness of perikymata is similar to that of modern humans, and different from that of apes. This study support the suggestion that Lufengpithecus lufengensis may be a member of the early hominid evolving to australopithecines.

Key words: Lufengpithecus lufengensis, Incremental markings, Perikymata, Crown formation time