Abrasion in 2816 teeth from 174 Yangshao culture residents unearthed from the Wanggou site was observed and graded. The average tooth wear grade and the differential index of tooth wear in the anterior and posterior teeth were calculated. As well, the occurrence rates of special wear types, dental caries and mandibular/maxillary torus in the samples were determined. The results showed that the average tooth wear score of the Wanggou group was 3.4; that of males was 3.63, and that of females was 3.61. There was no significant difference in tooth wear between males and females (p>0.05). The ratio of tooth abrasion severity in the anterior vs. posterior teeth is 1:1. There were 26 cases of special wear caused by deep overbite. The incidence of pit-type abrasion on the occlusal surfaces of molars was 2.50%. The dental caries prevalence rate in Wanggou inhabitants was 68.97%; dental caries rate accounted for 26.56%, and total DMFT was 4.30. The occurrence rate of mandibular/maxillary torus was 5.20%, and the robustness of jaw bones was not significant. Tooth wear in the Wanggou population is generally light; the amount of tooth wear is close to that of the residents of the Xiawanggang population in Henan province. Based on the results of this research, we believe that the Yangshao culture people had some similarities in overall diet and dental habits with the Central Plains. This may reflect the fact that the region already had mature agricultural economy by 5000 years ago.