图4 扰沌(panarchy)连接,多个尺度上的关联适应循环[23]
图中r、K、Ω和α解释：r阶段（生长）系统的连接度和稳定性增加,并且开始积累自然资源和社会资本;K阶段（积累）聚集的资源越来越为系统所固持,随着系统的连接度增加、控制力也越来越强;Ω阶段（重组）随着K状态过度连接和僵硬的控制,导致系统的恢复力(resilience)降低,积累变得十分微弱,在微不足道的干扰下,会导致系统出现巨大危机和转变;α阶段（更新）系统进行重新组织,过程具有高度不确定性,有可能重复上一循环,也可能进入新的不同的循环。
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Fig.4 Panarchy connections, linked adaptive cycles at multiple scales[23]
Originally published in Panarchy: Understanding transformations in human and natural systems, Edited by Lance H. Gunderson and C.S. Holling 2002. Permission Island Press[23]）. r, K, Ω and α Explanation: r stage (growth), the connectivity and stability of the system increase in r stage, and begin to accumulate natural resources and social capital; K-stage (accumulation), the resources gathered in stage K are increasingly fixed by the system, and the control force becomes increasingly stronger with the increase of the connection degree of the system; Ω stage (reorganization) with the over connection and rigid control in K state, the resilience of the system decreases and the accumulation becomes very weak, under insignificant interference, it will lead to great crisis and transformation of the system; α stage (update) system is reorganized, and the process is highly uncertain, it is possible to repeat the previous cycle or enter a new and different cycle.
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