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Table of Content

    15 September 2002, Volume 21 Issue 03
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    The comparisons of Yuanmou Hominoid tooth traits between the samples from Xiaohe-Zhupeng and Leilao sites
    ZHENG Liang; GAO Feng ; LIU Wu
    2002, 21(03):  179-190. 
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    For the long-term debate whether the hominoids found from the Yunamou basin represented two species, the present study divided the Yuanmou hominoid teeth into two groups of Xiaohe-Zhupeng and Leilao according to their geographical distribution. Further comparisons of dental morphology, metric data and canine shape indices between the two groups were carried out. Our resultsindicate that the teeth of Yuanmou hominoid from different sites are very similar in all the comparisons of present study. No marked differences were found between the two groups. The authors believe that our study does not support the opinion that there are different species of Yuanmou hominoid living in Xiaohe, Zhupeng and Leilao sites.
    Dental caries of gigantopithecus blacki from Hubei province of China
    HAN Kang-xin ; ZHAO Ling-xia
    2002, 21(03):  191-197. 
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    The material all together consists of 297 isolated postcanine teeth of Gigantopithecus blacki, which were collected from the west part of Hubei province of China. According to the mammal fossils associated with the Gigantopithecus, the geological age of Gigantopithecus seems to belong to the early Pleistocene. It is very interesting to note that those Gigantopithecus teeth from Hubei province show very high incidence of caries.
    Caries are diagnosed by the presence of marked pits or cavities. Among 297 teeth (molars and premolars), there are 52 cases of authentic caries (i.e. 19.5 %). It is a rather high incidence, much higher than that of early hominids such as australopithecines (1 % or so), ancient Chinese from Shang Dynasty (4.3 %), also higher than that of Gigantopithecus teeth from Guangxi province (9.8 %) of China. Among the Gigantopithecus teeth from Hubei, we found that the incidence of dental caries increases from the young-age group (4.9 %) to middle and old age group (29.3 % and 27.1 %), and that the large type presents higher incidence (22.5 -32.8 %) than small one (8.3 -11.4 %). The differentiation of large and small types seems to show sex difference. The caries of Gigantopithecus from Hubei occur on both the mesio-distal surface (65.4 %) and occusal surface (36.5 %). It is quite different from that of Gigantopithecus from Guangxi, majority of caries in Guangxi material occur on the occlusal surface and very few on the mesio-distal surface.
    The high incidence of dental caries in Gigantopithecus is probably due to a diet deficient. Giantoipithecus probably mainly lived on high carbohydrate-containing plant food while it was becoming extinct.
    Anthropological characteristics of the skulls from the tombs of Warring States period at Lingkou
    ZHOU Chun-mao
    2002, 21(03):  199-209. 
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    This paper carries on a detailed research on the anthropological characteristics of 7 Skulls (male 5, female 2) unearthed from the tombs of Warring States period at Lingkou, Lintong County, Shaanxi Province. All the skulls are between the ages of 12 to 30. The research result shows that the Lingkou skulls are closest to those of East Asia Mongoloid of Modern populations. The basic physical characteristic of Lingkou population is closer to Baoji-Guanzhong Group among Neolithic populations of China; it is also closer to Shangma Group and the Group Ⅱ of Small Tombs of Yinxu among populations of Bronze Age; closer to Northern Chinese among modern Chinese.
    New 14C dates for Shuidonggou and related discussions
    GAO Xing ; LI Jin-zeng ; D.B .Madsen ; P.J .Brantingham ; R.G.Elston ; R.L .Bettinger
    2002, 21(03):  211-218. 
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    The Shuidonggou site, located in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in North China, about 10 km east of the yellow River on the margins of the Ordos Desert, has maintained a hot spot for Paleolithic research since its discovery and excavations in 1923. The site is unique within the Chinese Paleolithic sequence for the presence of blade technology in the assemblage, and its origins and con- nections with western Eurasian Upper Paleolithic industries have often been discussed.
    In the summers of 1999 and 2000, Chinese and American archaeologists and geologists conducted new surveys at the site, identified 12 hearths and hearth-related features and sampled an array of charcoals, faunal remains, lithic artifacts and bone tools at Locality 2, which is near Locality 1 and has never been excavated before. Stratigraphy at Shuidonggou Locality 2 is similar to that of Locality 1, and archaeological materials occur in two different contexts: mixed surface collections and stratified materials from sandy loess identified with Locality 1's typical “Shuidonggou Cultural Level”.
    Eight AMS radiocarbon dates were obtained for Locality 2 (Table 2).Seven of these dates are on charcoals taken directly from the hearths and one is on ostrich eggshell, analyzed by the Beta Analytic. These age estimates range from～ 29 500—23800 BP, but cluster more tightly at 27000—25 000 BP, which generally match up with the date of 26190±800 on the only in situ radiocarbon-dated sample for Locality 1. Such dating results provide a reliable chronological framework for the Shuidonggou in- dustry for the first time.
    The Shuidonggou lithic assemblage falls squarely within the range of variability of the blade-based Initial Upper Paleolithic industries in western Eurasia. Similar assemblages appear in the Mongolian Gobi and southern Siberia around 33000—27000 BP and 43000—39000 BP, respectively. New radiocarbon dates indicate clearly that the Shuidonggou industry is the latest Initial Upper Paleolithic remains in all of Eurasia, and its occurrence is prior to the emergence of microblade industries in North China, which have great implications for human migrations or cultural communications during the late Upper Pleistocene in North and East Asia and possible roots of microblade technology in blade industry in that vast area.
    Stature estimation of Chinese Han females from fragmentary long bones
    ZHANG Ji-zong
    2002, 21(03):  219-224. 
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    The estimation of stature from fragmentary long bones plays an important part in human identification for forensic anthropologists. But until now we have not seen scientific report on the esti- mation of stature for Chinese Han female from fragmentary long bones. This paper reports some regres- sion equations of the estimation of stature of Chinese Han female from fragmentary long bones. The sample consists of 69 Chinese Han female long bones from autopsy room, Department of ForensicMed- icine, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Beijing. The age range of the sample is 19 to 66 years. The items of measurements are listed in Chinese text of this paper with English translation. The regression equations for stature estimation were made from the fragmentary long bones with SPSS package and were used for the stature estimation of Chinese Han female from fragmentary long bones. The results of stat- ure estimation from the fragmentary of humerus, femus, and tibia were better than the others.
    The growth of the head of Han nantionality youths
    ZHOU Li-ning; WEI Bo-yuan; MO Shi-tai; GONG Ji-chun XU Lin; WEI Xian-liang; LI Song-feng; XU Xi-jin
    2002, 21(03):  225-229. 
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    This paper studied the cephalic and facial types of Han nationality youths of 7-16 year' s old from Yulin district of Guangxi with the method of stratified random sampling. Nine items of cephalic and facial measurements of 1119 (634 males, 481 females) normal youths of Han nationality were investigated. The relationships between the youth' s cephalic and facial development and ages were compared and analyzed. Classifications are based on various cephalic and facial indices. The re- sults show that the nine cephalic and facial measurements grow with the increase of age besides the maximum head breadth, and significant difference between the males and females was found. The cephalic type of both sexes of Han nationality belongs to mesocephaly and brachycephaly according to the cephalic index; hypsicephalic type, to the length-height index of the head; acrocephalic type, to the breadth-heigth index of the head, euryprosopy and mesoprosopy, to the morphological facial index.
    Principal component analysis on dermatoglyphics of populations in China
    ZHENG Lian-bin ; LU Shun-hua ; ZHENG Qi ; LI Shu-yuan
    2002, 21(03):  231-238. 
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    In recent years, Chinese populations have usually been divided into South populations and North populations by scholars. Principal component analysis on dermatoglyphics from 59 Chinese populations showed that Northern populations could be divided into 2 sub-groups; Southern populations, 4 sub-groups. In addition to these there are Xinjiang populations and Tibet populations. Compared with North populations, Xinjiang populations have low finger W frequencies, high Lu, Lr frequencies and high frequencies of true patterns between H and Ⅱ, Ⅲ interdigital area.Tibet Populations have high fingerW frequencies and low Lu frequencies. Compared with South populations, North populations have high TFRC and frequencies of true patterns between H and Ⅱ, Ⅲ interdigital area.There are transitional and heterogeneous populations between South and North populations. Furthermore, 8 Han populations did not cluster, but scatter into other populations. There are exchanges of dermatoglyphics genes between Han nationality and minority nationalities or in nationalities between South and North China. So it may be too simple in dividing Chinese populations into South and North populations.
    An analysis of hand dermatoglyphics of a sufferer from hypopherenia
    HUA Zhao-he; ZHOU Wu; YONG Chao; ZHANG He-jing ; WANG Yuan; LI Zhi-hong ; SUN Kai
    2002, 21(03):  239-244. 
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    A dermatoglyphic features of a sufferer from hypophrenia in Hefei and Wuhu urban districts, Anhui Province were analysed. There are 284 persons in this sample including 145 males and 139 females, aged 2-59 years. The results showed some statistical differences in the dermatoglyphic parameters between the sufferer from hypophrenia and control group. The ulanr loop(Lu ), combination of Loop and Loop (L/ L), tented arch (At ), dermaloglyphic density, atd angle, percent distance of axial triadius (tPD), single flexion crease, sydney line, transitional type I and small type on the little finge in the sufferer from hypophrenia are more abundand than those in control (P <0.01). Simple whorl(Ws), combination of whorl and whorl (W/W), a-dRC, t-dRC in the sufferer from hypophrenia are less than control(P <0.01). a-bRC is less too (P <0.05). The dermatoglyphic features can be used as auxiliary indicators in diagnosing hypophrenia.
    The study of fourteen YSNPs markers in Fujian Han ethnic populations in China
    ZHANG Yong-li; YU Min; XUE Ya-li; CHEN Feng; HUANG Cheng-bin; ZHANG Gui-yin; LI Pu; FU Song-bin
    2002, 21(03):  245-249. 
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    Fourteen YSNPs loci and YAP locus were genotyped in 80 healthy male samples in Fujian Han population in China. YAP Locus and eleven loci of YSNPs displayed different variations, including M9 、M50 、M110 、M15 、M134 、M122 、M95 、M89 、M119 、M111 、M88, while the other 3 YSNPs loci displayed no variation, including M7 、M45 、M103. In all the individuals studied for the fourteen YS- NPs loci and YAP locus, seven Y haplotypes were obtained, including H1 、H3 、H4 、H5 、H6 、H8 、H9. These haplotype frequencies are 22.5 %、1.3 %、1.3 %、1.3 %、30.0 %、28.8 %and 15.0 % respec- tively. The genetic characters of Fujian Han population belong to typical south Chinese populations and it has some characters of north population. We obtain some genetic evidences of Fujian Han population in this research.
    Polymorphism of yap in 7 Yunnan ethnic groups alone the Nu River Valley
    DONG Yong-li ; SHI Hong ; LI Wei-xiang ; YANG Jie ; ZENG Wei-min; LI Kai-yuan; XIAO Chun-jie
    2002, 21(03):  250-254. 
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    Dulong, Nu, Lisuo, Achang, Jingpo, Dai and De' ang ethnic groups live along the Nu river valley in Yunnan Province, China. According to historical records, the Nu river valley is an important migrating route of ancient Diqiang tribes. Dulong, Nu, Lisuo, Jingpo and Achang are the descen- dants of Diqiang people; Dai belongs to the ancient Baiyue tribes; De' ang is the descendant of Baipu tribes.
    YAP (Y Alu polymorphism), located in Y specific region, is considered to be one of the best markers to study human evolution and migration. The polymorphisms of YAP in these 7 ethnic groups living along the Nu river valley in Yunnan Province were investigated. The results are that the YAP element is present in Nu (1.82 %), Jingpo (12.5 %) and Dai (10 %), but absent in the other 4 ethnic groups. The frequencies of YAP+ are similar in all populations from old Diqiang people except Jingpo along the Nu river valley, coinciding with the reported data of the other descendents of Diqiang. The frequency of YAP+ in Dulong is different from that of Jingpo, which does not support that the Dulong language belongs to Jingpo language branch. The widely different frequencies of YAP+ between Dai and De' ang indicate that they derived from the different ancient tribes.
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